2913 U.s Hwy No.70 Rt.1 Black Mountain Nc 28711

Winston-Salem is the largest industrial city south of Baltimore. Here are located the largest blanket factory in the South, the largest factory in the United States for manufacturing men's knit underwear, and the largest bedroom furniture factory in the State.

Partial View of Hanes Knitting Mills
Country Club
Chatham Blanket Works
The Wachovia Bank & Trust Co.

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Page 138

Miscellaneous
Piedmont Carolina

Kannapolis

        KANNAPOLIS, on the main line of the Southern Railway, in the Piedmont, is one of the most unique towns in the State of North Carolina. The town has a population of over 7000, yet it is not incorporated. It is the largest unincorporated city in the world. The town was founded by J. W. Cannon in 1887. Mr. Cannon was the head of fourteen cotton mills and the town is built around two of these--the Cannon Manufacturing Company and the Cabarrus Cotton Mills. The town was carefully planned and built, and has all modern improvements. These mills employ 3300 operatives and make towels of the highest quality. These are the largest towel mills in the whole world. The earth could be encircled 3 times a year with towels made here, while the yarn required would encircle the earth 30 times a day. One mile of towels is made every 2½ minutes. The entire cotton crop of 4000 fifty-acre farms is consumed by these mills annually.

Spray

        SPRAY, although unincorporated, has a population of 6,020 people. This city, located in the upper edge of the State, is built up around the plants of the Carolina Cotton and Woolen Mills Company. These mills include plants at Spray, Leaksville, Draper and Fieldale, Va. The former three towns are grouped together and each is provided with the very latest methods of welfare work and home training. Excellent Y. M. C. A.'s are maintained and few towns have better educational facilities than these. The population is entirely native-born American. These towns are commonly spoken of as one, being called Leaksville-Spray. Here are made the famous Axminister rugs distributed by Marshall-Field of Chicago. These towns have fine highway connection with the main line of the Southern at Reidsville.

Badin

        BADIN, the Aluminum Town, is located in Stanly County near the center of the State. Badin, although unincorporated, has a population of 3,040. At Badin has been constructed the largest overflow concrete dam in the world. The dam is 210 feet high, with a maximum water head of 187 feet--16 feet higher than Niagara Falls. A total of 120,000 horsepower is developed here, 100,000 of which is used in aluminum production. The lake has a shore line of 100 miles with extreme dimensions of ten miles and one mile. The capacity of the lake is 13,000,000,000 cubic feet. This plant is the largest aluminum plant in America, having a daily capacity of 98,000 pounds. The city of Badin was designed to meet this industry. Every home is built for one family only, and has all modern conveniences.

Pinehurst

        PINEHURST, the golf center of the United States, is located in the Sandhill section of the State, five miles from the main line of the Seaboard Air Line Railway at Southern Pines. Pinehurst is exclusively a residential village--built to fulfill an ideal. In recent years it has become the mecca of thousands annually who spend the winter here. Climate is the biggest asset of Pinehurst where occasional rains are of short duration and every winter day may be enjoyed out of doors. Five modern tourist hotels are crowded every season. Less than five days a year are unsuitable for golfing. Pinehurst is the greatest golf center in the world, where champion, amateur and professional players find links and conditions to be among the best to be found.

Kannapolis leads the world in the manufacture of towels. Axminister Rugs are made at Spray. The largest aluminum plant in America is at Badin. Pinehurst is the largest golf center in the world.

Cannon Towel Mills--Kannapolis
Large Mills at Spray
Town of Badin.
Pinehurst.

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Page 139

Places of Interest

Western Carolina

Blue Ridge

        BLUE RIDGE, North Carolina, the home of the Blue Ridge Association for Christian Conferences and Training, is incorporated under the laws of North Carolina. The Association was founded for the purpose of accommodating interdenominational conferences. This hall is located high up the mountain-side, 3 miles south of Black Mountain, the railway point, (Asheville-Salisbury branch of the Southern Railway). There are 33 buildings here and the equipment includes two hydro-electric plants, a swimming pool, athletic grounds and a hot and cold water system. The plant is valued at $600,000. Over 4000 annually attend the various Missionary, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., and Sabbath School conferences held here.

Montreat

        MONTREAT, located three miles from Black Mountain Station on the Southern Railway, is the summer assembly of the Southern Presbyterians. The equipment includes a large hotel, four dormitories, an auditorium, a cafeteria, 12 boarding houses, 235 homes and other buildings. Over 12,000 Presbyterians attend the conferences here every summer, coming from all over the South, and many parts of the North.

        RIDGECREST, located on the Asheville-Salisbury division of the Southern Railway, is the summer assembly of the Southern Baptists. Ridgecrest has an altitude of 2600 feet. There are 850 acres in the grounds. There is a large 100-room hotel-auditorium here. Several hotels and about 100 homes are privately owned. People from all over the South and many parts of the North as well as foreign countries come here annually.

Lake Junaluska

        LAKE JUNALUSKA--The Summer assembly of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is located on the Murphy line of the Southern Railway just 26 miles west of Asheville and 3 miles east of Waynesville. The plant contains 1300 acres while the lake covers 353 acres Many commodious hotels, dormitories, lodges and boarding houses have been erected, in addition to a large auditorium and class rooms. Thousands of ministers and laymen meet here annually for inspiration and training.

        BON CLARKEN, the assembly grounds of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, is one of the newest of the assembly grounds. This plant, including a large hotel, is located near Hendersonville on beautiful Highland Lake. It is already proving a favorite summer resort for the members of this denomination.

Biltmore

        BILTMORE, the palatial home of the Vanderbilts, is located on the outskirts of Asheville along the beautiful French Broad River. This vast estate contains many unique industries. The largest and most widely known of these is the Biltmore Dairy whose products are famed far and wide for their quality. The mansion, Biltmore House, in the center of this estate, is the equal of the castles of old set in modern surroundings and is considered the most sumptious country home in all America. Just outside the gates the owners of the estate have founded and built the quaint English village of Biltmore. This village is the home of those who care for the huge estate and is a gem of beauty and artistic design as is the entire Biltmore Estate.

Every summer interdenominational conferences are held at Blue Ridge, while church conferences are held at Montreat, Ridgecrest, Lake Junaluska and Bon Clarken. Biltmore is America's most sumptious country home.

Robert E. Lee Hall--Blue Ridge
Auditorium, Montreat.
Auditorium--Lake Junaluska.
Biltmore House--Biltmore.

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Page 140

Sketches of North Carolina Counties

        IN THIS SECTION OF DRUMMOND'S PICTORIAL ATLAS OF NORTH CAROLINA the one hundred counties of the State will be briefly treated. These counties will be arranged in alphabetical order and will give the reader the oustanding facts in regard to History, Principal Crops, Special Features, Railway facilities, Soils and Drainage, Manufacturing Activities, Leading Towns and Statistical Data. The data contained herein has been selected from "North Carolina--The Land of Opportunity"--the handbook of the State Department of Agriculture. These facts are based on the latest reports of the State Auditor, the Tax Commission and the Census of 1920. No account of the construction of State and County Highways is given here as practically all the counties either have a highway program now underway or have already completed an adequate system of local roads, and the State System of Highways is treated on page 6 of this volume. Further information may be obtained on forty-six of these counties as this number out of one hundred in the State have cities of over 2500 population within their borders. These counties are discussed under the respective city headings in the forepart of the Atlas.

ALAMANCE COUNTY

        Formed in 1848 from Guilford and Orange, it is bounded by Caswell, Orange, Chatham, Randolph and Guilford Counties. In Colonial days it was the focus of the troubles of the Regulators while the Battle of Alamance, the first battle of the Revolution was fought here May 16, 1771. It is drained by the upper waters of the Cape Fear River while Haw River, a tributary, crosses the entire county. The upper end of the county is devoted to the production of tobacco while the whole of it raises grain crops. The cotton belt barely touches the southern edge of the county. Alamance is one of the few counties in the State that has such a variety of crops that it is practically self-supporting. The Southern Railway crosses the county. Statistics show that the county has 22 cotton mills. 13 flour mills. 9 cotton gins. 2 National and 7 local banks. There are 257,742 acres of land valued at $2,786,845 and 2,506 town lots valued at $2,056,055, while total taxes are $205,327. The county has 2,119 bee hives. 3,579 horses. 2,318 mules. 7,383 dairy cattle, 11,243 hogs and 1,066 sheep, having a combined value of $942,608. Leading towns include Graham. The County seat, population 2,366: Burlington, 5,952: Elon College. 425: Mebane, 1,351: and Haw River 1,000. Alamance has 47 miles of improved road.

ALEXANDER COUNTY

        Formed in 1847 from Iredell. Caldwell and Wilkes, it was named for Hon. William Julius Alexander, of Mecklenburg County. It is bounded by Wilkes. Iredell. Catawba and Caldwell Counties. It is one of the smallest counties in the State. The drainage is south into the Catawba River and eastward into the Yadkin River. Abundant water power is available, the greater part of which is still undeveloped. The mineral resources of the county are as yet undeveloped. It is noted chiefly for the Hiddenite gem. fine emeralds and beautiful quartz crystals; but gold, monozite and other minerals are also found. There are numerous mineral springs in the county. The principal crops are corn, wheat, oats and rye. The county is noted for its delicious apples. The Southern Railway enters the county from Statesville. There are 30 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 5 cotton mills. 4 flour mills. 4 cotton gins. and 3 local banks. There are 157,970 acres of land valued at $1,283,319 and 531 town lots valued at $194,050, while total taxes of the county are $95,057. The county has 2,720 bee hives, 1,084 horses, 1,859 mules. 12,529 dairy cattle. 4,606 hogs and 178 sheep. having a combined value of $487,530. The county has a population of 12,212 with 2,460 families. Taylorsville, the County Seat, has a population of 1,122.

ALLEGHANY COUNTY

        Formed in 1889 and named for the Alleghany Indians, it is bounded by Virginia. Surry, Wilkes and Ashe Counties. The average elevation is 2,800 feet and is drained by the New River. This county, together with Ashe and Watauga Counties, is the only portion of the State that drains north into the Ohio River. Its forests are of oak, walnut, poplar, hickory, chestnut and pine. Its agriculture consists in the production of grains and grasses and in cattle raising. Its herds of beef cattle are among the most improved in the State and its products of buckwheat and rye are next to the largest in the State. Iron and copper of good quality are not yet mined because of lack of transportation facilities: however, a railroad is now being built into the county from the Southern at Elkin. Statistics show that the county has 7 flour mills, 4 cheese factories, and 1 local bank. There are 143,309 acres of land valued at $957,833 and 77 town lots valued at $28,343, while the total county taxes are $26,103. The county has 1,842 horses, 442 mules, 2,350 dairy cattle, 4,626 hogs, 1,755 bee hives and 9,367 sheep, having a combined value of $388,660. The county population is 7,403, with 1,503 families. Sparta, the County Seat, has a population of 159. The county has 49 miles of improved roads.

ANSON COUNTY

        Formed from Bladen County in 1748 and named for Lord George Anson, an English Admiral, the county is bounded by Union, Stanly and Richmond Counties and South Carolina. The county is drained by the Pee Dee River. The leading crops are cotton, corn and sweet potatoes while good wheat is grown. Grapes and peaches are largely grown. The Seaboard Air Line crosses the county from east to west while the Atlantic Coast Line and the Winston-Salem South-bound run north and south. There are 57 miles of improved roads in the county. Statistics show that the county has 2 flour mills, 56 cotton gins, several cotton mills and 6 local banks. There are 331,479 acres of land valued at $2,651,008 and 2,047 town lots valued at $964,020; while the total county taxes are $175,306. The county has 1,220 horses, 4,830 mules, 6,307 dairy cattle, 9,316 hogs and 293 sheep, having a total value of $1,079,197. The county has a population of 28,334. The leading towns are Wadesboro, the County Seat, with a population of 2,685: Morven, 835; Polkton, 576; Lilesville, 502; Peachland, 416; and McFarland, 300.

ASHE COUNTY

        Formed from Wilkes in 1799 and named for Governor Samuel Ashe, of North Carolina, it is bounded by Alleghany, Wilkes and Watauga Counties and Tennessee and Virginia, and is located in the extreme northwestern corner of the State. The county drains into the Ohio River by way of the New River. Cattle and lumber are the chief products. Ashe has a vast amount of undeveloped waterpower and minerals. These latter include iron, copper, mica and tale. A specimen of iron assaying 68 per cent pure magnetic iron, took the premium at the World's Fair at St. Louis and at the Chicago and Paris Expositions. The water of this county is unusually pure. The Norfolk and Western Railway enters the county from Abingdon. Va. The county has 53 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 5 flour mills, 8 cheese factories, 1 national and 3 local banks. There are 268,508 acres of land valued at $2,059,876 and 689 town lots valued at $73,833, while the total county taxes are $85,303. The county has 3,809 horses, 11,806 dairy cattle, 9,224 hogs, 2,741 bee hives and 12,879 sheep, having a combined value of $888,260. The county has a population of 21,001 with 4,071 families. Jefferson, the County Seat, has a population of 196.

AVERY COUNTY

        Formed from Caldwell. Mitchell and Watauga Counties in 1911 and named for Col. Waighstill Avery, it is bounded by Watauga, Caldwell, Burke, McDowell and Mitchell Counties and by Tennessee. The county is very mountainous and is drained by the head waters of both the North Toe and Catawba Rivers. The former runs out the State as the Nolechucky, a tributary of the Holston River in Tennessee: while the Linville River runs south into the Catawba. The Leading crops are corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, winter cabbage, Irish potatoes, fruits, grass and cattle. The Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway crosses the county while there are 50 miles of improved roads in Avery. Statistics show that there are 3 flour mills, 1 cheese factory and 2 local banks in the county. Avery has 113,053 acres of land values at $1,027,324 and 687 town lots valued at $128,961, while the total taxes are $65,172. The county has 1,320 bee hives, 1,011 horses, 245 mules, 3,289 dairy cattle, 2,714 hogs, and 3,027 sheep, having a combined value of $313,184. Avery has a population of 10,335 with 1,944 families. Newland is the County Seat, with a population of 289.

BEAUFORT COUNTY

        Formed in 1775 and named for the Duke of Beaufort, one of the original Lords Proprietors. It is bounded by Martin, Washington, Hyde, Pamlico, Craven and Pitt Counties. The county is divided into two parts by the wide Pamlico River. Swamp lands have been drained, forming fertile areas which now produce two and three corps annually without the aid of commercial fertilizers. The leading crops are tobacco, sweet and Irish potatoes, wheat, sorghum and forage crops. Great quantities of oysters, herring and shad are shipped out of the county. The catch of the latter two ranks second only to that of Albemarle Sound. One of the largest natural meadows (1,500 acres) is here. The Norfolk Southern and Atlantic Coast Line Railways serve the county. Beaufort has 72 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that Beaufort has 1 flour mill. 1 national and six local banks. There are 379,913 acres of land valued at $3,380,032 and 3,085 town lots valued at $2,534,192: while the tax from all sources is $277,678. The county has 1,112 bee hives, 2,493 horses, 2,912 mules, 1,515 dairy cattle, 26,560 hogs and 1,420 sheep, having a combined value of $752,014. Beaufort has a population of 31,024, with 6,626 families. Washington, the County Seat, has a population of 6,314.

BERTIE COUNTY

        Formed from Albemarle in 1722, it was named for James and Henry Bertie, two of the Lord Proprietors. It is bounded by Hertford, Chowan, Martin and Halifax Counties, and is drained by the Roanoke River and smaller streams that flow into Albemarle Sound. The leading crops are cotton, corn, tobacco, peanuts, potatoes, and grasses. Much lumber is produced. Over 100 miles of suitable water frontage makes fishing a very profitable industry. Excellent peaches and pears as well as many other fruits are grown. The Atlantic Coast Line and the Seaboard Air Line Railways serve the county. There are 31 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that there are 2 flour mills, 53 cotton gins and 8 local banks in the County. There are 445,883 acres of land valued at $3,040,339 and 1,232 town lots valued at $862,130 while taxes from all sources are $162,932. The county has 894 bee hives, 2,806 horses, 3,503 mulse, 1,506 dairy cattle, 34,120 hogs and 1,760 sheep having a combined value of $789,917. Bertie has a population of 23,993 with 4,660 families. Windsor is the County Seat, with a population of 1,210.

BLADEN COUNTY

        Formed from Bath in 1734 it was named for Hon. Martin Bladen, a member of the British Board of Trade and Colonial Affairs. It is bounded by Cumberland, Sampson, Columbus and Robeson Counties and is drained by the Cape Fear River which divides it in halves. The principal crops are cotton, corn and tobacco. White Lake, one of the State's newer summer resorts, is here. The county is served by the Seaboard Air Line and the Carolina and Southern Railways and by 55 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 1 flour mill, 24 cotton gins and 3 local banks. There are 502, 697 acres of land. and town lots valued at 1,020, while the tax from all sources is $135,304. The county has 614 horses, 3,176 mules, 2,520 dairy cattle, 17,031 hogs and 324 sheep, having a combined value of $709,291. Bladen has a population of 19,761 with 4,014 families. Elizabeth-town is the County Seat and has a population of 335. Other towns are Bladenboro, 469; and Clarkton, 368.

BRUNSWICK COUNTY

        Formed from Bath and New Hanover and named for the royal house of Brunswick, it is bounded by the counties of Columbus. Pender, New Hanover and by South Carolina. the Atlantic Ocean and Cape Fear River. The crops consist of corn. cotton, potatoes, tobacco, peanuts, strawberries and valuable trucking crops. Two crops of early vegetables can be raised every year. Millions of menhaden fish are caught here every year and made into fertilizer. The county is served by the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlantic Coast Line and the Wilmington. Brunswick and Southport Railways. There are 57 miles of improved roads in the county. Statistics show that there are 9 cotton gins and 2 local banks in Brunswick. There are also 476,230 acres of land valued at $2,353,637 and 815 town lots valued at $490,048: while the tax from all sources is $81,085. The county has 1,278 bee hives. 530 horses. 1,300 mules, 741 dairy cattle, 21,000 hogs and 2,380 sheep, having a combined value of $373,909. Brunswick has a population of 14,876 with 3,023 families. Southport, the County Seat, has a population of 1,664 and can be made one of the finest ports on the Atlantic Coast.

BUNCOMBE COUNTY

        Formed from Burke and Rutherford Counties in 1791, it was named for Col. Edward Buncombe. It is bounded by Madison, Avery, McDowell, Henderson and Haywood Counties and is bisected by the French Broad River. The Swannanoa is the second river of importance and is especially noted for its beauty, while these rivers combined have a potential development of 20,000 horsepower three-fourths of which is developed. Although extremely mountainous the County is rich agriculturally because of its rich soils. The principal crops are corn, potatoes, wheat and all kinds of vegetables. The cattle and dairy industry has been greatly developed while apples of the finest varieties are produced here. The county is served by the Southern Railway and 90 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 14 flour mills, 2 cheese factories, 1 national bank, and 8 local banks. There are 312,643 acres of land valued at $6,664,587 and 15,200 town lots valued at $13,484,771 while the tax in the county from all sources is $551,349. The county has 2,653 bee hives. 3,932 horses, 2,610 mules, 12,381 dairy cattle, 11,771 hogs and 2,164 sheep having a combined value of $1,321,117. The county has a population of 64,148 with 13,329 families. Asheville is the County Seat with a population of 28,504 while Black Mountain has 513.

BURKE COUNTY

        Formed from Rowan in 1777 and named for Dr. Thomas Burke, it is bounded by Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Rutherford, McDowell and Avery Counties. It is drained by the Catawba River which bisects it. Rich forests lie in the mountainous sections while the valleys are very fertile producing cotton, tobacco, and the grains. The county is served by the Southern Railway and 62 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 8 flour mills, 3 cotton gins, 1 national and 1 local bank. The county contains 295,312 acres of land valued at $2,437,244 and 1,291 town lots valued at $883,211. while the total taxes are $122,166. The county has 2,435 bee hives, 1,558 horses, 1,944 mules, 4,864 dairy cattle, 6,343 hogs and 170 sheep having a combined value of $578,467. The county has a population of 23,297 with 4,179 families. Morganton is the County Seat with a population of 2,867.

CABARRUS COUNTY

        Formed from Mecklenburg in 1792, it was named for Hon. Stephen Cabarrus. It is bounded by the Counties of Rowan, Stanly and Mecklenburg and is drained by Rocky River a tributary of the Yadkin. The county traversed by numerous small streams is very fertile producing cotton, corn, wheat and other crops. The largest mass of pure gold ever found in the East was found in this county. The County is served by the Southern Railway and 32 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has large cotton mills and other plants, 6 flour mills, 24 cotton gins, 1 national and 3 local banks. The County contains 208,079 acres of land valued at $2,211,025, and 3,533 town lots valued at $1,731,926, while the total County tax is $204,114. The County has 1,278 bee hives, 3,021 horses, 2,821 mule, 7,626 dairy cattle, 8,626 hogs and 511 sheep having a combined value of $889,515. The County has a population of 33,730 with 6,463 families. Concord, the County Seat, has a population of 9,903; Kannapolis. 7,000.

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Page 141

CALDWELL COUNTY

        Formed in 1841, it was named for Jos. Caldwell, President of the University. It is bounded by the counties of Watauga, Wilkes, Alexander, Burke and Avery, and is drained by the upper waters of the Yadkin and Catawba Rivers. Lying as it does, on the flank of the Blue Ridge, it has large timber areas while its principal crop is grain. Tobacco culture has been introduced recently while many fruits are grown to perfection. These include apples, which are large and well flavored, peaches and grapes. Corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, winter cabbage and potatoes are the chief products. The county is served by the Carolina and Northwestern Railway and 72 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 6 flour mills, 1 cotton gin, many furniture factories, 1 national and 11 local banks. The county contains 236,295 acres of land valued at $1,805,802, and 1,203 town lots valued at $669,221, while taxes from all sources are $106,409. The county has 1,287 bee hives, 1,483 horses, 1,564 mules, 5,729 dairy cattle, 6,423 hogs and 260 sheep having a combined value of $587,562. The county population is 19,984 with 3,952 families. Lenoir, the County Seat, has a population of 3,718.

CAMDEN COUNTY

        Formed from Pasquotank in 1777 it was named for Charles Pratt, Earl of Camden. It is hounded by the State of Virginia and by the Counties of Currituck, Pasquotank and Gates, and by Albemarle Sound. It is a long narrow strip of land and is covered by timber. The principal crops are cotton, corn and small grains, soy beans and Irish potatoes; while sweet potatoes are grown extensively for the Northern markets. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and by some 11 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 9 cotton gins, 145,857 acres of land valued at $1,141,896 and 93 town lots valued at $58,607; while the tax from all sources is $37,402. The county has 278 bee hives, 1,147 horses, 736 mules, 804 dairy cattle, 9,091 hogs, and 1,628 sheep, having a combined value of $215,618. The county has a population of 5,382 with 1,151 families. Camden Court House is the County Seat with a population of 116.

CARTERET COUNTY

        Formed from Bath in 1722 and named for Sir George Carteret, it is bounded on three sides by the Atlantic Ocean. Pamlico Sound and the Neuse River, while on the west it is bounded by Craven. Jones, and Onslow Counties. The eastern part is literally cut to pieces by swamps and the highest point is only 37 feet above high tide. All vegetables grow here abundantly while the principal industry is fishing. Great varieties of fish abound here. A series of "banks" separate the waters of the county from the ocean and on these banks are droves of wild horses or "bank ponies". The county is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway, the Inland Waterway, and 28 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 1 flour mill, 9 cotton gins, numerous fish factories and 5 local banks. There are 240,070 acres of land valued at $1,684,956 and 2,244 town lots valued at $1,056,084; while the total tax is $99,854. The county has 297 bee hives, 1,395 horses, 677 mules, 424 dairy cattle. 11,441 hogs, and 1,041 sheep, having a combined value of $231,037. The county population is 15,384 with 3,413 families. Gentle ocean breezes make Morehead City and Beaufort healthy summer resorts. Beaufort, the County Seat, has a population of 2,968, Morehead City has 2,958, while Newport has 404.

CASWELL COUNTY

        Formed from Orange in 1777, it was named for Gen. Richard Caswell. It is bounded by the State of Virginia, and by the counties of Person, Grange, Alamance, and Rockingham, and is drained by the Dan River. The greater part of the county produces bright yellow tobacco, while grain is produced along the river bottoms. The county is served by the Southern Railway and over 71 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that there are 4 flour mills and 1 local bank in the county. There are also 262,748 acres of land valued at $1,684,856 and 83 town lots valued at $116,680, while the tax from all sources is $82,516. The county has 708 bee hives, 2,303 horses, 1,764 mules, 4,358 dairy cattle, 3,047 hogs and 225 sheep; having a combined value of $963,972. The county has a population of 15,759 with 2,959 families. Yanceyville, the County Seat, has a population of 330, while Milton, the principal town and an important tobacco market, has 375.

CATAWBA COUNTY

        Formed from Lincoln in 1842 and lying on the Catawba River, it is named for that River. It is bounded by the counties of Alexander, Iredell, Lincoln, Cleveland and Burke. Mild climate and fertile soil make the county a great agricultural area, producing a wide variety of crops. The principal occupations are poultry raising, cattle raising and dairying. The chief crops are cotton, corn, wheat and sweet potatoes. Manufacturing is important and there are three colleges in the county. The Southern and the Carolina and Northwestern Railways cross the County, while Catawha has 47 miles of improved road. Statistics show that the county has 15 cotton mills, 26 cotton gins, 10 hosiery mills, 17 flour mills, 2 National and 3 local banks. There are also 256,830 acres of land valued at $2,448,842 and 3,803 town lots valued at $1,604,830, while the tax from all sources is $171,203. The County has 3,099 bee hives, 3,159 horses, 2,571 mules. 8,180 dairy cattle, 10,536 hogs and 265 sheep, having a combined value of $959,125. The county has a population of 33,839 with 6,612 families. Newton, the County Seat, has a population of 3,021, while Hickory, the largest in the County, has 5,076.

CHATHAM COUNTY

        Formed from Orange, in 1770 it was named for William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. It is bounded by the Counties of Alamance, Orange, Durham, Wake, Harnett, Lee, Moore and Randolph, and is drained by the waters of the Cape Fear River. Grains predominate among the crops while cotton is only a minor crop. Over 40,000 horsepower is developed by the streams in the County. The county is served by the Southern, Seaboard Air Line and the Norfolk Southern Railroads, while the County has over 78 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 40 cotton gins, 9 flour mills and 6 local banks. There are 273,738 acres of land valued at $2,036,075 and 1,514 town lots valued at $504,565, while the total tax is $151,801. The County has 1,748 bee hives, 2,709 horses. 4,556 mules, 9,014 dairy cattle, 13,028 hogs and 1,982 sheep, having a combined value of $1,257,366. The population of the County is 23,814 with 4,865 families. Pittsboro is the County Seat with a population of 884.

CHEROKEE COUNTY

        Formed from Macon in 1839, it was named for the Cherokee Indians. It is bounded by the Counties of Graham, Macon and Clay and by the States of Tennessee and Georgia. It is drained by the Valley River. This valley is fertile and produces grains and grasses while cattle raising is important. Mines of gold, iron and soapstone have been opened. Iron ore deposits are extensive while a great variety of colored marble is found along the Valley and Nantahala Rivers. The Louisville and Nashville and the Southern Railways serve the county in addition to 51 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 4 flour mills, 1 cheese factory and 2 local banks. There are 273,738 acres of land valued at $2,036,076 and 1,514 town lots, while the tax from all sources is $147,265. The County has 1,038 horses, 1,425 mules, 3,940 dairy cattle, 7,334 hogs and 1,556 sheep valued at $463,944. The County population is 15,342 with 3,029 families. Murphy is the County Seat with a population of 1,314.

CHOWAN COUNTY

        Formed from Albemarle in 1672, it was named for the Chowanole tribe of Indians. It is bounded by Gates and Perquimans Counties and by Albemarle Sound and the Chowan River. Much timber abounds while the fishing industry is one of the largest in the Albemarle area. Herring and Shad are shipped both fresh and in barrels while sturgeon fishing is very profitable. The chief crops are melons, sweet potatoes, grapes, cotton and corn. Other crops include tobacco. Irish potatoes, peaches and strawberries. The Norfolk Southern crosses the County. There are about 30 miles of improved roads in Chowan. Statistics show that the County has 14 cotton gins and 2 local banks. There are 90,967 acres of land valued at $1,159,788 and 823 town lots valued at $582,677, while the total county tax is $72,506. The County has 305 bee hives, 931 horses, 1,245 mules, 531 dairy cattle, 10,252 hogs and 556 sheep having a combined value of $137,551. The County population is 10,649 with 2,203 families. Edenton, one of the oldest towns in the State, is the County Seat and has a population of 2,777.

CLAY COUNTY

        Formed from Cherokee in 1861, it was named in honor of Hon. Henry Clay. It is bounded by the Counties of Cherokee and Macon and by the State of Georgia, and is drained by the Hiawassee River. Clay is one of the most beautiful Counties in the entire State. The fertile open places are well adapted to the raising of wheat, rye, oats, soybeans and grass while stock raising is profitable. The rich natural resources of the county are practically untouched. These include forests, gold, mica, kaolin and corundum. The County is served by the Southern Railway over a branch from Andrews known as the Georgia and North Carolina Railroad. There are 17 miles of improved road in the County. Statistics show that the County has 5 flour mills, 1 local bank, 112,427 acres of land valued at $714,363, and 112 town lots valued at $22,361 while the total tax is $38,585. The County has 1,202 bee hives, 567 horses, 745 mules, 1,794 dairy cattle, 4,178 hogs and 1,410 sheep having a combined value of $174,203. The county population is 4,646 with 941 families. Hayesville, the County Seat, has a population of 257.

CLEVELAND COUNTY

        Formed from Lincoln and Rutherford Counties in 1841, it was named for Col. Benjamin Cleveland. It is bounded by the Counties of Burke, Catawba, Lincoln, Gaston and Rutherford and by the State of South Carolina. It is drained by several large tributaries of the Broad River. The soil produces wheat, cotton, corn, oats, soy beans, grapes and tobacco, and the County is one of the leaders in agriculture in the State. Among the minerals found here are, tin, monazite, mica, gold, copper, corundum and Kaolin. The County is well supplied with water power. It is served by the Southern and Seeaboard Air Line and Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railways and by 64 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 16 flour mills, 49 cotton gins, numerous manufactories, 3 National and 4 local banks. There are 277,843 acres of land valued at $3,748,049 and 3,390 town lots valued at $1,520,971; while the total tax is $176,280. The county has 4,253 bee hives, 1,844 horses, 5,214 mules, 12,044 dairy cattle, 10,187 hogs and 86 sheep, having a combined value of $1,363,548. The County population is 34,373 with 6,644 families. Shelby, the County Seat, has a population of 3,609; Kings Mountain, 2,800; East Kings Mountain, 835; Lawndale, 774; Grover, 296; Mooresboro, 228, and Waco, 189.

COLUMBUS COUNTY

        Formed from Bladen in 1808, it was named for Christopher Columbus. It is bounded by the Counties of Bladen. Pender, Brunswick, and Robeson. The principal crops include cotton, corn, potatoes and strawberries, while lumber is an important product. Marl abounds here. The county has a semi-tropical climate so that sugar cane is raised on a small scale. The Waccanaw River, the Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line Railways and 82 miles of improved road furnish transportation means to the County. Statistics show that the County has 17 cotton gins, 7 local banks, 458,631 acres of land valued at $3,382,318 and 2,418 town lots valued at $812,207, while the total tax is $216,446. The County has 2,023 bee hives, 751 horses, 4,394 mules, 3,275 dairy cattle, 38,144 hogs and 2,601 sheep having a combined value of 876,615. The County has a population of 30,124 with 6,007 families. Whiteville is the County Seat with a population of 3,609.

CRAVEN COUNTY

        Formed from Bath in 1712, it was named for William Lord Craven. It is bounded by the following Counties: Pitt. Beaufort, Pamlico, Carteret, Jones and Lenoir, and is drained by the Neuse River. This is one of the great trucking centers of the State. Thousands of boxes and barrels of potatoes, cabbage, melons, asparagus, lettuce, sspinach, cucumbers, early peas, beans and other products are shipped annually to the leading markets. Large quantities of fish, oysters and game are also shipped from the County. Marl is plentiful here. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern and Atlantic Coast Line Railways, the Neuse and Trent Rivers and by 95 miles of improved highway. Statistics show that the county has 25 cotton guns, a number of lumber and fish plants, 1 national and 5 local banks. There are 364,310 acres of land valued at $2,291,984 and 9,882 town lots valued at $4,354,543 while the total tax is $280,945. The county has 941 bee hives, 1,684 horses, 2,147 mules, 1,378 dairy cattle, 19,289 hogs and 949 sheep having a combined value of $544,214. The County has a population of 29,048 with 6,697 families. New Bern, the County Seat has a population of $12,198.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY

        Formed from Bladen in 1754, it was named for William Augustus. Duke of Cumberland. It is bounded by the counties of Harnett, Sampson, Bladen, Robeson and Hoke, and is drained by the Cape Fear River. The chief crops include cotton, corn and grains while lumber is a leading and valuable product. The County is served by the Atlantic Coast Line and the Norfolk Southern Railways, the Cape Fear River and by 92 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 2 flour mills, 36 cotton gins, numerous other industries, 2 national and 2 local banks. There are 331,799 acres of land valued at $3,116,070, 4,203 town lots valued at $2,513,375 while the total tax is $290,396. The county has 1,196 bee hives, 1,232 horses, 3,874 mules, 3,100 dairy cattle, 17,752 hogs and 214 sheep having a combined value of $885,873. The County population is 35,064 with 7,061 families. Fayetteville, the County Seat, has a population of 8,877.

CURRITUCK COUNTY

        Formed from Albemarle in 1672, it was named for a small Algonkin tribe of Indians. It is bounded by Virginia, the Atlantic Ocean. Albemarle Sound and by Camden County. The leading crops are soybeans cow peas, corn, potatoes, melons and cotton. Hunting draws many outsiders into the county for this excellent sport. Roanoke Island, where Raleigh made his first settlement, is only a short distance away. The Island is also noted as the birth place of Virginia Dare, the first white child born in the new world. The Norfolk Southern Railway crosses the county but the majority of the shipping is done via the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal which connects Currituck Sound and Chesapeake Bay. The county has 50 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 4 cotton gins, 148,426 acres of land valued at $1,513,584 while the tax from all sources is $53,153. The County has 63 beehives, 1,636 horses, 691 mules, 817 dairy cattle, 14,178 hogs and 2,447 sheep, having a combined value of $262,697. The County has a population of 7,268 with 1,588 families. Currituck is the County Seat with 213 people while Moyock, the largest trading center, has a population of 240.

DARE COUNTY

        Formed from Currituck, Hyde and Tyrell, it was named for Virginia Dare, the first white child born in the new world. It is bounded by Albemarle, Croatan and Pamlico Sounds, by the Aligator River and by Hyde County. The surface of the County is mostly water, the little areas of land being surrounded by areas of water. Very little of the land is tillable, what little there is producing grasses, vegetables, corn, peas and potatoes. The principal industry is fishing. The facilities for cattle raising are very good. On the banks, facing the sea is the far-famed summer resort of Nags Head. Statistics show that the County has 1 local bank, 9 miles of improved roads, 288,466 acres of land valued at $ 494,859 and 272 town lots valued at $100,929 while the total tax is $24,449. The County has 627 horses, 16 mules, 106 dairy cattle, 2,074 hogs and 368 sheep, having a combined value of $30,817. The County has a population of 5,115 with 1,156 families. Manteo, the County Seat, has a population of 394 and is named for the Indian Chief, the first of his race to embrace the Christian religion. The town is located on Roanoke Island, the first place in the new world settled by the English.

DAVIDSON COUNTY

        Formed from Rowan in 1822, it was named for Gen. Will Lee Davidson. It is bounded by the counties of Forsyth, Guilford, Randolph, Montgomery, Stanly, Rowan and Davie. The county is drained by the Yadkin River. The leading crops of the county are wheat, corn, cotton, clover, and other hays. The county has produced as much as 3,000,000 pounds of tobacco annually. Dairying and stock raising are important products. There are many splendid herds of the highest type of Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein and other dairy cattle. Lumber products are extensive and its veneer is widely used for door panels. The Southern and Winston-Salem Southbound and a short line railway and 76 miles of improved roads serve the County. Statistics show that the County has 11 flour mills, cotton gins, chair factories and many varied industries, as well as 2 National and 4 local banks. There are 353,786 acres of land valued at $3,555,917 and 4,922 town lots valued at $1,790,334 while the total tax of the County is $252,999. The County has 1,627 bee hives, 4,543 horses, 2,626 mules, 4,604 dairy cattle, 15,695 hogs and 830 sheep, having a combined value of $820,939. The County has a population of 35,201, with 7,197 families. Lexington, is the County Seat, with a population of 5,252; Thomasville, 5,676.

DAVIE COUNTY

        Formed in 1836 from Rowan, it was named for Gen. William Richardson Davie. It is surrounded by the counties of Yadkin, Forsyth, Davidson, Rowan and Iredell, and is drained by the Yadkin River. Its chief products are tobacco, wheat, corn and small grains, while cotton has recently been introduced. The soil is well adapted to the production of grass and stock of all kinds are profitably raised. Excellent peaches, pears, grapes and apples are produced. The County is traversed by the Southern Railway and has 53 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 9 cotton gins, 10 flour mills and 3 local banks. There are 160,640 acres of land valued at $1,529,050 and 623 town lots valued at $358,529; while the total tax for the County is $104,458. The County has 1,627 bee hives, 1842 horses, 2,158 mules, 4,604 dairy cattle, 6,631 hogs, and 417 sheep, having a combined value of $624,516. The county has a population of 13,578 with 2,814 families. Mocksville, the County Seat, has a population of 1,146; while the town of Advance has 280.

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DUPLIN COUNTY

        Formed in 1749 from New Hanover, it was named for Lord Duplin. It is bounded by the Counties of Wayne, Jones, Lenoir, Onslow, Pender and Sampson. The County is drained by the northeast branch of the Cape Fear River which flows through its middle section. Many rich lands are found bordering the swamps and streams. The principal crops are cotton, corn, strawberries, potatoes, cabbage, peas, beans. Irish potatoes, huckleberries and turpentine. The production of tuberose and other bulbs furnish profitable employment. Convenient access to markets is afforded by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, numerous waterways and 87 miles of improved road. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill, 23 cotton gins and 7 local banks. There are 453,990 acres of land valued at $3,558,633 and 2,463 town lots valued at $850,138; while the total tax of the County is $249,705. The County has 2755 bee hives, 2,463 horses, 4,528 mules, 4,596 dairy cattle, 35,536 hogs, and 879 sheep, having a combined value of $1,188,930. The county has a population of 30,223, with 6,112 families. Keenansville, the County Seat, has a population of 302. Other towns are Warsaw, population, 1,108; Calypso, 405; Faison, 477; and Magnolia, 694.

DURHAM COUNTY

        Formed in 1881 from Orange and Wake, it was named for Dr. Bartholomew Durham. It is bounded by the Counties of Person, Granville, Wake, Chatham and Orange. The County is drained by tributaries of the Neuse River. The bottom lands produce excellent cotton, corn, wheat and other grains, while the hill country produces that fine quality of tobacco for for which the Durham tobacco market is noted. The Southern Railway, Norfolk & Western, Durham & Southern, Norfolk Southern and the Seaboard Air Line Railway all serve the County. There are 50 miles of improved road in the County. Statistics show that the County has 3 flour mills, 7 cotton gins, many tobacco factories, cotton mills, hosiery mills and fertilizer factories, as well as 2 National and 6 local banks. There are 179,434 acres of land valued at $3,569,232, and 5,488 town lots valued at $8,021,399; while the total county tax is $487,537. The county has 925 bee hives, 2,487 horses, 1,526 mules, 3,593 dairy cattle, 6,571 hogs, and 154 sheep, having a combined value of $623,773. The County has a population of 42,219 with 8,951 families. Durham is the County Seat, with a population of 21,711. This city is one of the few instances in the State where a small cross-road station has grown to a large city in one generation. Durham is a leading tobacco manufacturing city and is the seat of Trinity College.

EDGECOMBE COUNTY

        Formed in 1746 from Bertie, it was named for Richard Edgecombe. It is bounded by Halifax, Martin, Wilson, Pitt and Nash Counties. It is traversed through its middle portion by the Tar River. This is one of the leading cotton counties in the State. The principal crops are tobacco, cotton, corn, wheat, potatoes and peas. Edgecombe leads the State in growing and selling improved farm seeds and is a large user of commercial fertilizer. The County is crossed by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, and the East Carolina Railroad. It has 67 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 1 flour mill, 103 cotton gins, 3 National Banks, and 8 local banks. There are 303,573 acres of land valued at $4,117,500, and 4,816 town lots valued at $3,036,247, 247; while the total County tax is $323,327. The county has 427 bee hives, 2,605 horses, 5,919 mules, 2,349 dairy cattle, 24,941 hogs and 1,768 sheep, having a combined value of $1,247,752. The County population is 37,995, with 7,637 families. Tarboro is the County Seat and has a population of 4,568. Rocky Mount, with a population of 12,742, is partly in Nash and partly in Edgecombe Counties. Whitakers, with a population of 723, is partly in Nash and partly in Edgecombe Counties. Other towns are Battleboro, 309; Pinetops, 465; Macclesfield, 294; and Conetoe, 160.

FORSYTH COUNTY

        Formed in 1849, it was named for Col. Benjamin Forsyth of Stokes County. It is bounded by the Counties of Stokes, Guilford, Davidson. Davie and Yadkin. The County is on the divide between the Dan and Yadkin Rivers. The principal crops are tobacco, wheat, corn, oats and other grains, while fruits, vegetables, grapes and melons are abundantly grown. This County was settled in 1753 by a band of Moravians who named the area Wachovia, and the first town. Bethabara, was begun the same year, while Salem was founded in 1766 and became the seat of the Moravian church in the South. The County is served by the Southern Railway, the Norfolk & Western and the Winston-Salem Southbound Railways, and has 107 miles of improved road. Statistics show that the County has 19 flour mills, and a great variety of industries, including the manufacture of tobacco, knitted goods, blankets, wagons and furniture. There are five local banks and one National bank, 230,680 acres of land valued at $2,871,776, and 12,071 town lots valued at $9,546,925; while the total tax of the county is $526,709. The County has 427 bee hives, 3,465 horses, 2,467 mules, 7,523 dairy cattle, 11,742 hogs and 196 sheep, having a combined value of $976,086. The total County population is 77,269, with 15,739 families. Winston-Salem, the County Seat, has a population of 48,395, and is North Carolina's largest city.

FRANKLIN COUNTY

        Formed in 1779 from Bute, it was named for Hon, Benjamin Franklin. It is bounded by Vance, Warren, Nash, Wake, and Granville Counties and is drained by the Tar River. The principal crops are cotton, tobacco, corn, small grain, sweet and Irish potatoes, peas and beans. Several minerals are found in the county, including asbestos, mica, granite and gold. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line Railway and 52 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 flour mills, 41 cotton gins, 2 cotton mills, 2 National Banks and four local banks. There are 303,215 acres of land valued at $2,984,342, and 1,286 town lots valued at $1,482,000, while the total County tax is $245,385. The County has 913 bee hives, 2,962 horses, 3,554 mules, 5,583 dairy cattle, 14,662 hogs and 785 sheep, having a combined value of $1,128,956. The County has a population of 226,667, with 5,243 families, is the County Seat, with a population of 1,954, while other towns are Franklinton, 1,058; and Bunn, 150.

GASTON COUNTY

        Formed in 1846 from Lincolnton. It was named for Hon. William Gaston. It is bounded by the Counties of Lincoln, Mecklenburg and Cleveland and by the State of South Carolina, and is drained by the Catawba River. The staple crops of the County are cotton, corn, wheat, rye, and legumes, while fruit is being successfully grown. The County is especially noted for it's cotton manufacturing, having a total of about 100 mills specializing on fine combed yarns and automobile tire fabric yarns. The Southern Railway, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Piedmont & Northern (Electric Railway and the Carolina & Northwestern Railway serve the County. Gaston has 60 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 6 flour mils, 23 cotton gins, numerous cotton mills, 3 National banks and 9 local banks. There are 201,263 acres of land valued at $2648,515 and 5,826 town lots valued at $2,807,246; while the total County tax is $307,290. The County has 2,134 bee hives, 1,578 horses, 3,299 mules, 7,369 dairy cattle, 9,942 hogs and 279 sheep, having a combined value of $1,629,365. The County has a population of 51,242 with 9,781 families. Gastonia is the County Seat, with a population of 12,871. Other incorporated towns are Belmont, 2,941; Bessemer City, 2,176; Cherryville, 1,884; Dallas, 1,397; Lowell, 1,151; McAdensville, 1,162; Mount Holly, 1,160; and Stanley, 584.

GATES COUNTY

        Formed in 1778 from Chowan, Hertford, and Perquimans, it was named for Gen. Horatio Gates. It is bounded by the Counties of Pasquotank, Perquimans, Chowan, Camden and Hertford, and by the State of Virginia. The products of the County are cotton, corn, wheat, peas, potatoes, and peanuts; while lumber production is very profitable. The Atlantic Coast Line Railway traverses the County, while there are 52 miles of improved roads serving the County. Statistics show that there are 22 cotton gins and 6 local banks in the County. There are 196,650 acres of land valued at $1,816,765, and 393 town lots valued at $136,799; while the total County tax is $69,800. The County has 422 bee hives, 1,519 horses, 1,443 mules, 1,115 dairy cattle, 4,601 hogs and 1,239 sheep; having a combined value of $161,021. The County has a population of 10,537 with 2,014 families. Gatesville, the County Seat, has a population of 361.

GRAHAM COUNTY

        Formed in 1872 from Cherokee, it was named for Hon. Wm. A. Graham. It is bounded by the Counties of Swain and Cherokee, and by the State of Tennessee. It is drained by the Tennesse River. There is much forest land interspersed with fertile valleys. Agriculture is limited because of difficult access to markets. The people are engaged in stock raising and lumbering. The County is served by a branch of the Southern Railway and by 33 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 flour mills, 177,413 acres valued at $983,921 and 37 town lots valued at $983,921; while the total county tax is $15,884. The County has 1,179 bee hives, 491 horses, 382 mules, 1,270 dairy cattle and 4,601 hogs, having a combined value of $161,021. The County population is 4,872 with 937 families. Robbinsville is the County Seat, with a population of 119.

GRANVILLE COUNTY

        Formed in 1746 from Edgecombe, it was named for Earl Granville, one of the Lords Proprietors. It is bounded by the Counties of Vance, Franklin, Wake, Durham and Person, and by the State of Virginia. It is drained by the Roanoke, Tar and Neuse Rivers. The soil is adapted to all varieties of crops, such as corn, wheat, oats, rye, grasses, clover, bright and dark tobaccos, fruits and vegetables. A golden colored tobacco of extraordinary quality is grown here and is in great demand. The County is served by the Southern and Seaboard Air Line Railways and by 55 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 6 flour mills, 2 National and 4 local banks. There are 320,318 acres of land valued at $2,827,442, and 1,514 town lots valued at $1,267,086; while the total County tax is $207,624. The County has 870 bee hives, 4,113 horses, 2,711 mules, 6,333 dairy cattle, 11,349 hogs and 1,114 sheep, having a combined value of $1,321,193. The County has a population of 26,846 with 5,149 families. Oxford, the County Seat, has a population of 3,606.

GREENE COUNTY

        Formed in 1799 from Glasgow and named for Gen. Nathaniel Greene, it is bounded by the Counties of Wilson. Pitt. Lenoir and Wayne. The chief crops are cotton, tobacco, corn, wheat and the grasses; while stock raising is important. The County is served by the Eastern Carolina Railroad and the Carolina Railroad. These are both short line railroads connecting the County with the Norfolk Southern and Atlantic Coast Line Railways. The County has 30 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 29 cotton gins. 1 National and 2 local banks. There are 159,369 acres of land valued at $1,946,611, and 542 town lots valued at $295,283; while the total county tax is $1149,144. The County has 326 bee hives, 1,496 horses, 3,373 mules, 1,523 dairy cattle, 14,828 hogs and 46 sheep, having a combined value of $901,446. The County has a population of 16,212. Snow Hill, the County Seat, has a population of 700; Hookertown, 294, and Walstonburg, 158.

GUILFORD COUNTY

        Formed in 1770 from Rowan and Orange, it was named in honor of Lord North who was the Earl of Guilford. It is bounded by Rockingham. Alamance, Randolph, Davidson and Forsyth Counties. Five miles from the County Seat was fought the battle of Guilford Court House in 1781. The chief crops are grains, grasses, tobacco and fruits. Gold copper and iron have been mined on a considerable scale. The Southern Railway and 105 miles of improved roads serve the County. Statistics show that the County has 18 flour mills, 2 cotton guns, varied industrial plants, 3 National and 7 local banks. There are 400,186 acres of land valued at $6,528,549, and 9,046 town lots valued at $9,183,654; while the total County tax is $687,617. The County has 2,663 bee hives, 5,582 horses, 3,238 mules, 12,448 dairy cattle, 13,393 hogs and 482 sheep, having a combined value of $1,487,926. The County has a population of 79,272 with 16,201 families. Greensboro, the County Seat, has a population of 43,525. At Greensboro are located Greensboro College for Women and the North Carolina College for Women, while Guilford College is only six miles away.

HALIFAX COUNTY

        Formed in 1758 from Edgecombe, it was named for George Montague Dunk, Earl of Halifax. It is bounded by the Counties of Northampton. Bertie, Martin, Edgecombe, Nash and Warren. The crops of the County are cotton, peanuts, tobacco, sweet potatoes, oats, sorghum, clover and alfalfa. Soy beans and winter crops are planted to maintain the fertility of the land. The County is served by three branches of the Atlantic Coast Line and one branch of the Seaboard Air Line, and by 73 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 1 flour mill, 15 cotton guns, large cotton mills, 1 National and 11 local banks. There are 409,583 acres of land valued at $4,388,222, and 3,022 town lots valued at $2,349,656; while the total county tax is $305,191. The County has 355 bee hives, 3,440 horses, 5,261 mules, 4,522 dairy cattle, 11,587 hogs and 542 sheep, having a combined value of $1,454,414. The County population is 43,766 with 8,523 families. Halifax, the County Seat, has a population of 299. Other towns are Enfield, population, 1,648; Roanoke Rapids and Rosemary, combined, 8,000; Scotland Neck, 1,250; Weldon, 1,872; and Littleton, 1,010. Roanoke Rapids and Rosemary use more power than any other community in the State.

HARNETT COUNTY

        Formed in 1855 from Cumberland, it was named for Cornelius Harnett, a Revolutionary patriot. It is surrounded by Lee, Wake, Cumberland, Chatham, Hoke and Moore Counties, and is drained by the Cape Fear River. Tobacco and cotton of the finer grades are produced, while much attention is given to the fruit industry. Great prospects he in the cultivation of peaches, those grown here being of the same high grade as those of the sandhills. Other crops include corn and the various kinds of grain and grasses, while many farmers raise stock and cattle. The County is served by the Atlantic & Western Railway, the Norfolk & Southern Railway, the Atlantic Coast Line Railway, and the Durham & Southern. The County has 67 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 flour mills, 22 cotton gins, 1 National and 3 local banks. There are 318,154 acres of land valued at $3,038,518, and 2,203 town lots valued at $740,537; while the total County tax is $194,686. The County has 926 bee hives, 1,213 horses, 4,301 mules, 3,966 dairy cattle, 20,700 hogs and 169 sheep, having a combined value of $1,192,526. The County has a population of 28,313 with 5,375 families. Lillington, the County Seat, has a population of 600.

HAYWOOD COUNTY

        Formed in 1808 from Buncombe, it was named for Hon. John Haywood. It is bounded by the Counties of Madison, Buncombe, Transylvania. Jackson and Swain, and by the State of Tennessee. There are 15 peaks of more than 6000 feet in height here. The crops of the fertile valleys are apples, potatoes, highgrade tobacco, wheat and corn, which is the leading crop. There are several very famous apple orchards in the County. Mica and kaolin are both produced profitably. The County is served by the Southern Railway, and by 60 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 2 cheese factories, 7 flour mills and five local banks. There are 321,154 acres of land valued at $3,037,607, and 1,633 town lots valued at $1,779,501; while the total county tax is $131,887. The County has 2,479 bee hives, 2,889 horses, 982 mules, 5222 dairy cattle, 5,325 hogs and 5,213 sheep, having a combined value of $723,611. The County population is 23,496, with 4,729 families. Waynesville is the ounty Seat, with a population of 1,942, Canton, with a population of 2,584, contains one of the largest pulp mills in the world. Clyde has a population og 363. Lake Junaluska, near Waynesville, is the assembly ground of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

HENDERSON COUNTY

        Formed in 1838 from Buncombe, it was named for Chief Justice, Leonard Henderson. It is bounded by Buncombe, McDowell, Rutherford. Polk and Transylvania Counties, and by the State of South Carolina. This county is drained by the tributaries of the Broad River, the largest of which is Green River. The County produces good crops of grain, grasses, fruits, cabbage and other vegetables. Much attention is given to the canning of fruits and vegetables. Excellent limestone and zircon are found here. This deposit of zircon is perhaps the largest of this mineral in the United States. The County is served by the Southern Railway and 66 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 1 National and 2 local banks. There are 199,895 acres of land valued at $2,150,722, and 3,132 town lots valued at $1,862,495; while the total County tax is $149,182. The County has 1,998 bee hives, 1,320 horses, 1,036 mules, 5,479 dairy cattle, 4,302 hogs and 785 sheep; having a combined value of $513,499. The County population is 18,248, with 3,877 families. Hendersonville, the County Seat, has a population of 3,720 and is a noted summer resort for the citizens of South Carolina and other Southern States.

HERTFORD COUNTY

        Formed in 1759 from Bertie, Chowan and Northampton, it was named for the Marquis of Hertford. It is bounded by the Counties of Gates, Bertie, Chowan, and Northampton, and by the State of Virginia. It is drained by the Chowan River. The chief products are cotton, corn, lumber and fish which are shipped by rail and steamer to Norfolk and other markets. The County is a trucking region and grows peanuts extensively. The County is served by the Wellington & Powellsville Railroad and the Atlantic Coast Line Railway. There are 37 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 2 flour mills, 14 cotton gins and 7 local banks. There are 204,576 acres of land valued at $2,036,649, and 985 town lots valued at $629,450; while the total county tax is $124,633. The county has 412 bee hives, 1,859 horses, 2,232 mules, 2,913 dairy cattle, 17,127 hogs and 841 sheep, having a combined value of $553,720. The county has a population of 16,294, with 3,159 families. Winton, the County Seat, has a population of 489. Other towns are Harrelsville, 131; Union, 147; Como, 310; and St. Johns, 65; Murfreesboro, 621 and Ahoskie, 1,429. Murfreesboro is the Seat of Chowan Female College.

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HOKE COUNTY

        Formed from Robeson and Cumberland in 1911, it was named for Major-General Robert F. Hoke. It is bounded by the counties of Moore, Harnet, Cumberland, Robeson, Scotland and Richmond. Agriculture is the principal industry. Cotton, tobacco, corn, grain and forage crops are important, while diversification is generally practiced. The County is traversed by the Aberdeen and Rockfish Railways, and the County has 45 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill, 21 cotton gins and 2 local banks. There are 224,703 acres of land valued at $2,127,957, and 444 town lots valued at $300,364; while the total County tax is $87,398. The county has 437 bee hives, 623 horses, 2,097 mules, 1,478 dairy cattle, 7,183 hogs and 136 sheep, having a combined value of $465,346. The County has a total population of 11,722, with 2,159 families. Raeford, the County Seat, has a population of 1,235.

HYDE COUNTY

        Formed in 1705 from Bath, one of the extinct counties, it was named for Gov. Edward Hyde. It is bounded by the Counties of Washington, Tyrrell, Dare, and Beaufort, and by the Pamilco Sound and Pungo River. Its middle portion was occupied by a large lake. Mattamuskett, which has been drained, thus providing very rich farm lands. The productions of this County are chiefly corn, soy beans, cotton, lumber and fish. Apples with delicious flavor are grown here. The County is served by a branch of the Norfolk Southern Railway and by 17 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill, 6 cotton gins and 1 local bank. There are 275,961 acres of land valued at $1,540,191, and 106 town lots valued at $40,230; while the total County tax is $61,898. The County has 673 bee hives, 1,633 horses, 638 mules, 2,579 dairy cattle, 11,653 hogs and 2,798 sheep, having a combined value of $295,098. The County has a population of 8,386, with 1,744 families. The County Seat is Swanquarter with a population of 420. New Holland, in the fertile Mattamuskett region, has a population of 111.

IREDELL COUNTY

        Formed in 1788 from Rowan, it was named for Hon. James Iredell. It is surrounded by the Counties of Wilkes, Yadkin, Davie, Rowan, Mecklenburg, Catawba, and Alexander. It is drained by the Catawba and Yadkin Rivers. Practically every crop suited to this section is raised in Iredell County, these including cotton, tobacco, corn, small grains, clover, grasses and fruits. It is served by three lines of the Southern Railway. Iredell was one of the first Counties in the State to improve its roads and has today 92 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 14 flour mills, 27 cotton gins, varied manufacturing interests, 3 National banks and 3 local banks. There are 363,920 acres of land valued at $3,754,537, and 3,280 town lots valued at $2,726,620; while the total county tax is $242,253. The County has 4,058 bee hives, 3,508 horses, 4,555 mules, 11,625 dairy cattle, 13,731 hogs and 369 sheep, having a combined value of $1,397,134. The County has a population of 37,956, with 7,473 families. Statesville, the County Seat, has a population of 7,895. Some forty-odd manufacturing plants are located here, as well as Mitchell College. Mooresville has a population of 4,315 and has several manufacturing plants also.

JACKSON COUNTY

        Formed in 1851 from Haywood and Macon, and named for Andrew Jackson, it is bounded by the Counties of Swain, Haywood, Transylvania and Macon, and by the State of South Carolina. The soil is very fertile, producing cabbage, potatoes, corn, small grains, apples and other fruits. The County is rich in minerals, containing copper, chromic iron, nickel, mica, asbestos and vast quantities of corundum. A small Indian reservation lies in the northern part of this County, where about 2,000 Cherokee Indians live and their chief pursuits are agriculture, pottery and basketry. Their school is maintained by the Federal Government. The County is served by the Southern Railway and the Tuckasegee and Southeastern Railway. There are 81 miles of improved roads in the County. Statistics show that the County has 5 flour mills, 2 local banks, 291,748 acres of land valued at $1,076,000, and 385 town lots valued at $188,913: while the total County tax is $127,371. The County has 2,372 bee hives, 1,555 horses, 765 mules, 3,490 dairy cattle, 8,846 hogs, and 4,285 sheep, having a combined value of $451,917. The population of the County is 13,396, with 2,572 families. Sylvia, the County Seat, has a population of 1,200. Culowhee is the seat of the Culowhee Normal School, a State institution for teacher training.

JOHNSTON COUNTY

        Formed in 1746 from Craven, it was named for Gov. Gabriel Johnston. It is bounded by the Counties of Wake, Wayne, Wilson, Nash, Sampson and Harnett, and is drained by the Neuse River. Johnston is one of the most prosperous Counties in the State, standing second in the production of cotton and corn. Other products include tobacco, all kinds of truck, hardwood [tear in page] urniture timbers. The County is served by the [tear in page] and the Atlantic Coast Line Railways and [tear in page] miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 5 flour mills, 69 cotton gins, 2 National and 12 local banks. There are 481,735 acres of land valued at $5,051,324, and 3,396 town lots valued at $1,973,345; while the total County tax is $213,719. The County has 2,556 bee hives, 2,164 horses, 9,347 mules, 7,023 dairy cattle, 54,072 hogs and 1,066 sheep, having a combined value of $2,124,269. The County has a population of 48,998, with 9,778 families. Smithfield, the County Seat, has a population of 1,423; Selma, 1,601; Kenly, 827; Benson, 1,123; Pine Level, 373; and Four Oaks, 583.

JONES COUNTY

        Formed in 1778 from Craven, and named for Hon. Willie Jones, it is bounded by the Counties of Carteret, Duplin, and Lenoir and is drained by the Neuse and White Oak Rivers. The area between these two rivers is as fertile as the Mississippi Valley and produces good crops of cotton, grain, tobacco and truck. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern and the Atlantic Coast Line Railways, one navigable river and 34 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 20 cotton gins, 3 local banks, 292,077 acres of land valued at $1,525,753 and 1,202 town lots valued at $273,163; while the total County tax is $65,243 The County has 1,005 bee hives, 703 horses, 1,673 mules, 510 dairy cattle, 15,197 hogs and 509 sheep, having a combined value of $410,370. The County has a population of 9,912 with 1,848 families; while Trenton, the County Seat, has a population of 488.

LEE COUNTY

        Formed in 1908 from Moore and Chatham, it was named for Gen. Robert E. Lee. It is bounded by the Counties of Harnett, Moore and Chatham. The crops of the County are tobacco, corn, potatoes, small grain, peaches, melons, berries and truck crops. The County is drained by the Deep River, near which are located the noted Cumnock coal fields. The County is served by the Atlantic & Western. Seaboard Air Line, Norfolk Southern, Atlantic Coast Line and Southern Railways, as well as by 52 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 4 flour mills, 16 cotton gins, varied manufacturing plants and 3 local banks. There are 155,733 acres of land valued at $1,467,390, and 2,230 town lots valued at $926,313; while the total County tax is $94,754. The County has 237 bee hives, 642 horses, 1,493 mules, 2,422 dairy cattle, 5,354 hogs and 111 sheep, having a combined value of $359,639. The County has a population of 13,400, with 2,658 families. Leading towns are: Sanford, the County Seat, with a population of 3,000; Jonesboro, 886; Lemon Springs, 58; Carbonton, 63; Cumnock, 210; Coalon; Osgood, 110; Swans, 62; and Broadway, 250.

LENOIR COUNTY

        Formed in 1791 from Craven and Dobbs, it was named for Gen. William Lenoir. It is bounded by the Counties of Greene, Pitt. Craven, Jones, Duplin and Wayne, and is drained by the Neuse River. The principal crops are tobacco, cotton, corn, sweet and Irish potatoes, and the cereals. Transportation is afforded by the Atlantic Coast Line, the Norfolk Southern, the Kingston-Carolina, and the Carolina Railroads, the Neuse River and 66 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 54 cotton gins, 4 National and 6 local banks. There are 222,375 acres of land valued at $2,205,289, and 2,907 town lots valued at $2,329,826; while the total County tax is $239,987. The County has 639 bee hives, 2,014 horses, 3,589 mules, 2,082 dairy cattle 23,639 hogs and 394 sheep, having a combined value of $813,083. The County population is 29,555, with 6,187 families. Kinston, the County Seat, has a population of 9,771.

LINCOLN COUNTY

        Formed in 1779 from Tryon, it was named for Gen. Benjamin Lincoln. It is bounded by the Counties of Catawba. Mecklenburg, Gaston and Cleveland. It is drained by the tributaries of the Catawba River. It produces tobacco, wheat, corn and other grains. Wheat is one of its leaders. The celebrated Lincoln grape had its origin here. The County has long been noted for its iron mines while it has abundant water power. It is served by the Seaboard Air Line and the Carolina and Northwestern Railways and by 33 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 12 flour mills. 31 cotton gins, several large cotton mills and 2 National banks. There are 179,223 acres of land valued at $2,109,220, and 777 town lots valued at $2,329,826; while the total County tax is $239,987. The County has 2,213 bee hives, 1,736 horses, 2,583 mules, 5,743 dairy cattle, 23,639 hogs and 215 sheep, having a combined value of $719,832. The County population is 17,862, with 3,372 families. Lincolnton, the County Seat, has a population of 3,390.

MCDOWELL COUNTY

        Formed in 1842 from Burke and Rutherford, it was named for Col. Joseph McDowell. It is bounded by the Counties of Yancey, Mitchell, Burke, Rutherford, Henderson and Buncombe. It is drained mostly by the Catawba River. Cotton and tobacco and cultivated but the principal crops are wheat, corn and small grains. The County is served by the Southern and Carolina. Clinchfield & Ohio Railways and by 100 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 4 flour mills, several cotton mills, 1 National and 2 local banks. There are 296,441 acres of land valued at $1,326,103; and 1,972 town lots valued at $475,291; while the total County tax is $129,520. The County has 1,810 bee hives, 769 horses, 1,277 mules, 3,476 dairy cattle, 4,643 hogs and 279 sheep, having a combined value of $324,539. The County population is 16,763, with 3,352 families. Marion, is the County Seat, with a population of 1,784. Old Fort Has a population of 931.

MACON COUNTY

        Formed in 1828 from Haywood and named for Hon. Nathaniel Macon, it is bounded by the Counties of Swain, Jackson, Clay and Cherokee, and the State of Georgia. It is drained by the Nantahala River which furnishes excellent trout fishing. Minerals, such as mica, kaolin, corundum and precious stones are found in abundance. In the State museum there is a crystal of mica from this County which took the prize at the Worlds Fair in Chicago. Since that time the largest crystal of mica ever found in the United States was found near Franklin. It weighed over 4,000 pounds. The Corundum Hill Mine in this County is one of the most noted corundum mines in the world. The chief crops are corn, wheat, oats, rye, fruits, and hay, while stock raising is important. The County is served by the Rabun Gap Route of the Southern Railway and by 93 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 local banks, 257,425 acres of land valued at $1,474,962, and 573 town lots valued at $406,713; while the total County tax is $76,048. The County has 2,461 bee hives, 1,575, horses, 1,210 mules, 3,428 dairy cattle, 8,740 hogs and 2,025 sheep, with a combined value of $381,836. The County has a population of 12,887, with 2,468 families Franklin, the County Seat, has a population of 773, Highlands, 313.

MADISON COUNTY

        Formed in 1851 from Buncombe and Yancey, it was named for President James Madison. It is bounded by the Counties of Yancey. Buncombe and Haywood, and by the State of Tennessee. Drained by the French Broad River, it has very little valley lands, the limited crops being tobacco, grains and grasses. In few Counties does timber attain such dimensions as here. This includes walnut, eight feet in diameter; popular, ten to twelve feet; wild cherry, buckeye and black birch, four feet. The County is served by the Southern Railway and by 106 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 8 flour mills, 262,925 acres of land valued at $2,108,634, and 484 town lots valued at $393,267, while the total County tax is $141,710. The County has 3,105 bee hives, 2,498 horses, 2,024 mules, 5,781 dairy cattle, 8,961 hogs and 4,845 sheep, having a combined value of $754,865. The population of the County is 20,083, with 3,962 families. Marshall, the County Seat, has a population of 748, while Hot Springs is a health resort.

MARTIN COUNTY

        Formed in 1774 from Halifax and Tyrrell, it was named for Gov. Josiah Martin. It is bounded by the Counties of Bertie, Washington, Craven, Pitt. Edgecombe and Halifax, and is drained by the Roanoke River. Because of its large and profitable lumber and fishing industries, the agriculture of the County is not as well advanced as that of some sections. However, cotton, peanuts, corn, tobacco, oats and every variety of grain are produced. The County is served by the Atlantic Coast Line Railway and by 48 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill, 35 cotton gins, and 8 local banks. There are 267,943 acres of land valued at $2,956,812, and 1,879 town lots valued at $941,390; while the total County tax is $148,006. The County has 1,202 bee hives, 1,255 horses, 3,657 mules, 1,003 dairy cattle, 23,993 hogs and 300 sheep, having a combined value of $180,567. The County has a population of 20,828, with 4,136 families. Williamston, the County Seat, has a population of 1800; Hamilton, 474; and Jamesville, 389.

MECKLENBURG COUNTY

        Formed in 1762 from Anson, it was named for Dutchess Charlotte, of Mecklenburg, Germany. It is bounded by the Counties of Iredell, Cabarrus, Gaston, Union and Lincoln, and the State of South Carolina. This is one of the largest and most productive Counties in the State. Cotton is the principal crop, while tobacco and the grains are also grown, as well as truck crops. The famous Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was adopted at Charlotte, May 20, 1775, Charlotte is served by the Southern, Norfolk Southern, Seaboard Air Line and Piedmont & Northern (Electric) Railways. The County has 87 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 3 flour mills, 48 cotton gins, 5 National and 9 local banks. There are 313,856 acres of land valued at $4,032,705, and 13,734 town lots valued at $13,112,770; while the total County tax is $730,506. The County has 2,563 bee hives, 2,973 horses, 5,680 mules, 12,968 dairy cattle, 11,361 hogs and 705 sheep, having a combined value of $1,140,438. The County population is 80,695, with 17,322 families. Charlotte, the County Seat, has a population of 46,338 and is the second largest city in the State.

MITCHELL COUNTY

        Formed in 1861 from Yancey, Watauga, Caldwell, Burke and McDowell, it was named for Dr. Elisha Mitchell. It is bounded by the Counties of Avery, McDowell and Yancey and by the State of Tennessee. The timber in this County is large and of great variety. Cereals grow to great perfection while apples, peaches, pears, cherries and grapes are of fine quality. Fine tobacco is produced while cattle are raised in large numbers. The County is served by the Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio Railway and by 56 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 3 flour mills, 2 local banks, 128,935 acres of land valued at $655,473, and 224 town lots valued at $76,756; while the total County tax is $48,821. The County has 1,264 horses, 827 mules, 3,757 dairy cattle, 3,942 hogs and 2,032 sheep, having a combined value of $370,505. The County has a population of 11,278, with 2,175 families. Bakersville is the County Seat with a population of 332.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY

        Formed in 1778 from Anson, and named for Gen. Richard Montgomery of the American Army, it is bounded by the Counties of Randolph, Moore, Richmond, Stanly and Davidson. Farming, lumbering and manufacturing are the principal industries. Cotton, tobacco, melons, potatoes, fruits, wheat and corn are grown. The peach industry is quite important. There are many minerals, including gold, in the County. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and 58 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 8 flour mills. 24 cotton gins, 4 local banks, 288,986 acres of land valued at $1,739,997, and 1,217 town lots valued at $629,642; while the total County tax is $100,473. The County has 987 bee hives, 734 horses, 2,262 mules, 3,341 dairy cattle, 6,765 hogs and 233 sheep, having a combined value of $525,764. The population of the County is 14,607, with 2,872 families. Troy, the County Seat, has a population of 1,102; Mount Gilead, 975; Biscoe, 755; and Star, 467. The shops of the Norfolk Southern Railway are at Biscoe.

MOORE COUNTY

        Formed in 1784 from Cumberland, it was named for Capt. Alfred Moore. It is bounded by the Counties of Randolph. Chatham, Hoke, Harnett, Lee, Montgomery and Richmond. The crops of the County are cotton, tobacco and grain. The sandhill peach belt, of which Aberdeen is the center, ships about 1,000 cars a season. Lumber interests are also important. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line Railway and by the Norfolk Southern Railway and by 100 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 9 flour mills, 25 cotton gins, 5 local banks, 413,631 acres of land valued at $3,102,735, and 4,892 town lots valued at $1,871,452; while the total County tax is $164,762. The County has 1,017 bee hives, 1,228 horses, 2,710 mules, 4,490 dairy cattle, 9,837 hogs and 904 sheep, with a combined value of $738,789. The County has a population of 21,388, with 4,223 families. The principal towns of the County are Carthage, the County Seat, population 962; Cameron 241; Manly, 141; Aberdeen, 858; Addor, 113; Vass, 487; Pinehurst, 500, and Southern Pines, 743. The latter two are winter resorts.

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NASH COUNTY

        Formed in 1777 from Edgecombe, it was named for Gen. Francis Nash, of the Revolutionary Army. It is bounded by the Counties of Halifax, Edgecombe, Wilson, Johnston and Franklin, and is drained by the Tar River. The principal crops are cotton, tobacco, corn, sweet, potatoes, soy beans, peanuts, and fruits. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and the Atlantic Coast Line Railway, as well as 69 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 6 flour mills, 44 cotton gins, 7 local banks, 335,418 acres of land valued at $3,878,799 and 5,099 town lots valued at $3,219,117; while the total County tax is $391,821. The County has 905 bee hives, 2.368 horses, 6.142 mules, 3,207 dairy cattle, 26,213 hogs and 222 sheep, having a combined value of $1,488,903. The population is 41,061, with 8,116 families. Nashville is the County Seat with a population of 939. Other towns include Castalia, 203; Spring Hope, 1,221; Westray, 48; and Baileys, 518. Two cities are half in Nash and half in Edgecombe Counties. These are Rocky Mount, population 12,742, and Whitakers, 723.

NEW HANOVER COUNTY

        Formed in 1729 from Bath, it was named for the kingdom of Hanover in Germany. It is bounded by the Counties of Pender and Brunswick and by the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the smallest, yet one of the most important commercial Counties in the State. This County produces potatoes, asparagus, lettuce, tomatoes, blackberries, huckleberries and strawberries. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line, the Atlantic Coast Line, and by the Wilmington. Brunswick & Southport Railways. The Atlantic Coast Line's general offices are in Wilmington. The County has 23 miles of improved roads, while water transportation plays an important part in shipping. Statistics show that the County has 2 cotton gins, 1 National bank, 7 local banks, 98,841 acres of land valued at$2,100,440, and 5,608 town lots valued at $10,087,280; while the total county tax is $440,841. The County has 139 bee hives, 462 horses, 590 mules, 502 dairy cattle, 2,747 hogs and 7 sheep, having a combined value of $137,302. The County population is 40,620, with 9,364 families. Wilmington, the County Seat, has a population of 33,373. It is the principal seaport of the State.

NORTHAMPTON COUNTY

        Formed in 1741 from Bertie, it was named for George Compton, Earl of Northampton. It is bounded by the Counties of Hertford, Bertie. Halifax and Warren, and by the State of Virginia, and is drained by the Roanoke River. The leading crops are cotton, corn, and small grain, while a small quantity of tobacco is grown. The County is served by the Atlantic Coast Line and the Seaboard Air Line Railways, and by 60 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 flour mils, 49 cotton gins, 8 local banks, 31,827 acres of land valued at $3,591,966, and 1,046 town lots valued at $623,790, while the total County tax is $174,263. The County has 716 bee hives, 3,215 horses, 336 mules, 545 dairy cattle, 26,537 hogs and 873 sheep, having a combined value of $898,554. The County has a population of 23,184, with 4,520 families. The principal towns are Jackson, the County Seat, with a population of 579; Rich Square, 475; Garysburg, 263: Severn, 284; and Margarettesville, 147.

ONSLOW COUNTY

        Formed in 1734 from Bath, it was named for Hon. Arthur Onslow. It is bounded by the Counties of Duplin, Jones, Carteret, and Pender, and by the Atlantic Ocean. The soils of Onslow produce excellent cotton, corn, peas, and potatoes, while immense pasture lands are available. The County is served by the Atlantic Coast Line Railway and 61 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the county has 23 cotton gins, 2 local banks, 342,932 acres of land valued at $2,736,341, and 603 town lots valued at $489,741; while the total County tax is $122,730. The County has 910 bee hives, 914 horses, 2,136 mules, 699 dairy cattle, 19,442 hogs and 2,417 sheep, having a combined value of $268,052. The County has a population of 14,703, with 2,936 families. Jacksonville. The County Seat, has a population of 656.

ORANGE COUNTY

        Formed in 1753 from Bladen, Granville and Johnston Counties, it was named for Prince William of Orange. It is bounded by the Counties of Caswell, Person, Durham, Chatham and Alamance. The products of the County are corn, cotton, wheat, oats, tobacco, potatoes, rye, hay, grass and fruits. The County is served by the Southern Railway and 56 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 7 flour mills, 17 cotton gins, 4 local banks, 241,018 acres of land valued at $1,934,800, and 1,173 town lots valued at $1,051,230; while the total County tax is $120,990. The County has 910 bee hives, 2,569 horses, 1,899 mules, 4,949 dairy cattle, 7,460 hogs and 398 sheep, with a combined valued of $728,651. The County population is 17,895, with 3,668 families. Hillsboro, the County Seat, has a population of 1,180; Carrboro, 1,129; Efland, 200; and Chapel Hill, 1,483. Hillsboro was once the State Capital, while Chapel Hill is the seat of the University of North Carolina.

PAMLICO COUNTY

        Formed in 1872 from Craven and Beaufort, it was named for the Pampticough tribe of Indians. It is bounded by the Counties of Craven and Beaufort, by the Neuse River, and by Pamilco Sound. The soils are very rich producing cotton, tobacco, sweet and Irish potatoes. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and 23 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 16 cotton gins, 1 local bank, 197,614 acres of land valued at $1,291,248, and 747 town lots valued at $217,596: while the total County tax is 73,289. The County has 831 bee hives, 921 horses, 1,052 mules, 1,151 dairy cattle, 8,662 hogs and 546 sheep, having a combined value of $259,768. The County population is 9,060, with 1,895 families. Bayboro, the County Seat, has a population of 349; Vandemere, 308.

PASQUOTANK COUNTY

        Formed in 1672 from Albemarle, it was named for a tribe of Indians in that region. It is bounded by the Counties of Camden. Perquimans, and Gates, and by Albemarle Sound. Truck farming, the raising of early potatoes, lumbering, fishing and cotton raising are the chief industries. While the County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway, excellent boat transportation is furnished to Norfolk. The County has 28 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 3 four mills, 7 cotton gins, 1 National and 1 local bank. There are 148,437 acres of land valued at $1,678,547, and 3,672 town lots valued at $2,136,000; while the total County tax is $60,692. The County has 2,183 horses, 1,065 mules, 3,416 dairy cattle, 13,565 hogs and 3,067 sheep, having a combined value of $369,217. The County has a population of 17,670, with 3,841 families. Elizabeth City, the County Seat, has a population of 8,925.

PENDER COUNTY

        Formed in 1873 from New Hanover, it was named for Major Gen. William Dorsey Pender. It is bounded by the Counties of Duplin, Onslow, New Hanover, Brunswick. Columbus and the Atlantic Ocean. The crops are cotton, corn, peanuts, bright tobacco, sweet potatoes. Irish potatoes, early vegetables, strawberries and trucking crops. The County is served by three branches of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway and by 70 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 11 cotton gins, 2 local banks, 309,026 acres of land valued at $1,801,116, and 832 town lots valued at $241,571; while the total County tax is $82,799. The County has 4,123 bee hives, 673 horses, 2,637 mules, 1,348 dairy cattle, 144,648 hogs and 880 sheep, having a combined value of $439,852. The County has a population of 14,788, with 2,995 families. Burgaw, the County Seat, has a population of 1,040.

PERQUIMANS COUNTY

        Formed in 1672 from Albemarle, it was named for a tribe of Indians. It is bounded by the Counties of Gates, Pasquotank and Chowan, and by Albemarle Sound. The chief crops are corn, soy beans, peanuts, cotton, sweet and Irish potatoes, English peas, oats, rye, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, clover, grasses, and a large variety of garden peas. The County stands third in the production of soy beans and it is noted for the production of the largest fancy Jumbo peanuts. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and by 29 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 17 cotton gins, 2 local banks, 151,630 acres of land valued at $1,431,466, and 692 town lots valued at $473,929; while the total County tax is $75,577. The County has 1,577 horses, 1,281 mules, 1,384 dairy cattle 15,742 hogs and 1,294 sheep having a combined value of $392,465. The population of the County is 11,137, with 2,227 families. Hertford is the County Seat, with a population of 1,704.

PERSON COUNTY

        Formed in 1791 from Caswell, it was named for Gen. Thomas Person. It is bounded by the Counties of Granville, Durham, Alamance and Caswell and by the State of Virginia. The crops are tobacco, wheat corn, clover, grasses, oats and fruits. There are several copper and iron mines in the County. The County a served by the Norfolk & Western Railway and by 49 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 6 flour mills. 1 National and 1 local bank. There are 248,726 acres of land valued at $2,035,020, and 458 town lots valued at $598,989: while the total County tax is $156,356. The County has 967 bee hives, 2,858 horses, 2,289 mules, 4,969 dairy cattle, 8,219 hogs and 286 sheep, having a combined value of $810,078. The County has a population of 18,973, with 3,603 families. Roxboro, the County Seat, has a population of 1,651.

PITT COUNTY

        Formed in 1760 from Beaufort, it was named for William Pitt, of Chatham. It is bounded by the Counties of Beaufort, Craven, Lenoir, Greene, Wilson and Edgecombe and is drained by the Tar River. The products are bright leaf tobacco, cotton, corn, peanuts, Irish and sweet potatoes, velvet beans, soy beans, grain crops, fruit and truck crops and live stock. Pitt is one of the largest bright leaf tobacco producing Counties. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern Railroad, the Atlantic Coast Line and the East Carolina Railways, as well 84 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 43 cotton gins, 2 National and 10 local banks. There are 377,008 acres of land valued at $4,379,585, and 4,582 town lots valued at $2,896,842; while the total County tax is $440,711. The County has 3,937 horses, 5,837 mules, 2,485 dairy cattle, 40,361 hogs and 652 sheep, having a combined value of $1,485,312. The County has a population of 45,569, with 9,113 families. Greenville is the County Seat, with a population og 5,772. Farmville has a population of 1,780; Ayden, 1,673; Grifton, 375; Grimesland, 463; Folkland, 198; Fountain, 243; Bethel, 817; and Stokes, 138.

POLK COUNTY

        Formed in 1853 from Rutherford and Henderson. It was named for Col. William Polk. It is bounded by the Counties of Henderson and Rutherford and is drained by the Green River. The chief products are grain crops and fruits. The thermal belt which lies in this County is largely engaging the attention of orchardists and vineyardists. The County is served by the Southern Raliway and 31 miles of improved roads. Statsitics show that the County has 4 cotton gins, 3 local banks, 133,161 acres of land valued at $1,031,414, and 822 town lots valued at $630,604; while the total County tax is $69,877. The County has 1,769 bee lives, 493 horses, 1,305 mules, 2,962 dairy cattle, 2,363 hogs and 50 sheep, having a combined value of $276,548. The County has a population of 8,832 with 1,809 families. Columbus, the County Seat, has a population of 168; Saluda, 549; and Tryon, 1,067. The latter two places are health resorts.

RANDOLPH COUNTY

        Formed in 1779 from Guilford, it was named for Hon. Peyton Randolph. It is bounded by the Counties of Guilford, Alamance, Chatham, Montgomery. Moore and Davidson. The main crops are wheat, corn, cotton and tobacco. Transportation is over the Southern and Norfolk Southern Railways and 111 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 11 flour mills, 10 cotton gins, 1 National and 4 local banks. There are 450,446 acres of land valued at $3,426,965; and 1,876 town lots valued at $1,189,826; while the total County tax is $154,066. The County has 4,167 bee hives, 3,959 horses, 4,542 mules, 8,925 dairy cattle, 13,223 hogs and 1,330 sheep, having a combined value of $1,169,397. The County population is 30,856, with 6,309 families. Asheboro, the County Seat, has a population of 2,559; Randleman, 1,967; Liberty, 636; Ramseur, 1,014; Franklinville, 631; Worthville, 367; Archdale, 178; and Trinity, 400.

RICHMOND COUNTY

        Formed in 1779 from Anson. it was named for Charles Lennox. It is bounded by the Counties of Montgomery. Moore, Hoke, Scotland and Anson and by the State of South Carolina. The principal crops are cotton. corn, tobacco, peaches, dewberries, grapes, sorghum, rye, oats, peanuts, melons, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line and the Atlantic Coast Line Railways. The County has 96 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mills, 54 cotton gins, 1 National bank and 6 local banks. There are 270.137 acres of land valued at $1,733,510, and 2,944 town lots valued at $1,610,266; while the total County tax is $181,011. The County has 458 bee hives. 652 horses, 2,513 mules, 2,740 dairy cattle, 5,472 hogs and 96 sheep, having a combined value of $515,375. The total County population is 25,567, with 5,070 families. Rockingham, the County Seat, has a population of 2,590; Hamlet, 3,808; Ellerbe, 473; Hoffman, 385; Pee Dee, 838.

ROBESON COUNTY

        Formed in 1786 from Bladen. it was named for Col. Thomas Robeson, a Revolutionary War hero. It is bounded by the Counties of Hoke. Cumberland, Bladen, Columbus, and Scotland and by the State of South Carolina. This is one of the largest Counties in the State and ranks first in the value of agricultural products. The chief products are cotton, tobacco, corn, grains, truck, watermelons, cantaloupes strawberries, apples, peaches, grapes, and in fact all crops native to the temperate zone. The County ranks first in the State in the production of cotton, and fifth in the cotton belt. Robeson County ranks seventeenth in the United States in the value of its crops. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line and the Atlantic Coast Line Railways. and 140 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill, 110 cotton gins, various manufacturing plants, 3 National and 13 local banks. There are 508,290 acres of land valued at $3,619,630, and 4,285 town lots valued at $2,326,380; while the total County tax is $369,613. The County has 2,187 bee hives, 1,791 horses, 8,651 mules, 5,276 dairy cattle. 36,735 hogs and 199 sheep, having a combined value of $1,725,194. The County population is 54,674, with 10,835 families. Lumberton, the County Seat, has a population of 2,610; Maxton, 1,397; Red Springs, 1,018; Rowland, 767; St. Pauls. 1,147; and Fairmont, 1,030.

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY

        Formed in 1783 from Guilford, it was named for Charles Watson Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham. It is bounded by the Counties of Caswell, Guilford and Stokes and by the State of Virginia, and is drained by the Dan and Haw Rivers. This is one of the largest tobacco producing Counties, while other crops include wheat and other grains. The County is served by the Southern and Norfolk & Western Railways and by 92 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 17 flour mills, 1 National and 10 local banks. There are 343,078 acres of land valued at $3,213,287, and 4,383 town lots valued at $2,213,167; while the total County tax is $336,213. The County has 2,434 bee hives, 2,776 horses, 3,364 mules, 7,259 dairy cattle, 11,916 hogs and 225 sheep having a combined value of $1,085,870. The County population is 44,149, with 8,293 families. Wentworth, the County Seat, has a population of 260; Reidsville, 5,333; Madison, 1,247; Leaksville, 1,606; Spray, 6,000; and Draper, 1,000.

ROWAN COUNTY

        Formed in 1753 from Anson, it was named for Matthew Rowan, a pre-Revolutionary leader. It is bounded by the Counties of Davie, Davidson, Stanly, Cabarrus and Iredell, and is drained by the Yadkin River. The products are cotton, grain, grasses, and livestock, as well as some tobacco. Rowan is one of the finest grain-growing Counties in the State and is noted for its pure-bred livestock. Much granite is being obtained. The County is served by two branches of the Southern Railway and the Yadkin Railroad, and by 64 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 14 flour mills, 39 cotton gins, various manufacturing plants, 2 National and 9 local banks. There are 315,028 acres of land valued at $3,494,834, and 7,692 town lots valued at $975,488, while the total County tax is $350,663. The County has 2,513 bee hives, 4,819 horses, 3,218 mules, 10,187 dairy cattle, 12,592 hogs and 430 sheep, having a combined value of $1,201,470. The County has a population of 44,062, with 9,217 families. Salisbury, the County Seat, has a population of 13,884; Spencer, 2,510; East Spencer, 2,239; Granite Quarry, 466; Gold Hill. 261; Cleveland, 336; China Grove, 1,027; and Barber, 19.

RUTHERFORD COUNTY

        Formed in 1779 from Tryon and Burke, it was named for Gen. Griffith Rutherford. It is bounded by the Counties of McDowell, Burke, Cleveland, Polk and Henderson, and by the State of South Carolina. Its crops are cotton, grain, grass, apples, peaches, cherries, melons, grapes and potatoes. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line, the Southern, and the Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio Railways, and by 72 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 3 flour mills, 22 cotton gins. 7 local banks, 323,302 acres of land valued at $2,653,616 and 1,591 town lots valued at $635,344; while the total County tax is $166,119. The County has 3,971 bee hives, 1,488 horses, 3,798 mules, 8,771 dairy cattle, 9,825 hogs and 107 sheep, having a combined value of $945,930. The County has a population of 31,426, with 6,127 families. Rutherford, the County Seat, has a population of 1,693; Bostic 206; and Forest City, 2,312.

SAMPSON COUNTY

        Formed in 1784 from Duplin and New Hanover, it was named for Col. John Sampson. It is bounded by the Counties of Johnston. Wayne, Duplin, Pender, Bladen and Cumberland. The products of the County include cotton, corn, tobacco, peas, potatoes, huckleberries, and truck crops. The County is served by the Atlantic Coast Line Railway and 85 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill. 61 cotton gins. 4 local banks, 530,046 acres of land valued at $3,735,297; and 1,595 town lots valued at $684,281; while the total County tax is $184,322. The County has 2,586 bee hives, 1,754 horses, 6,713 mules, 6,725 dairy cattle, 42,471 hogs and 728 sheep. having a combined value of $1,511,319. The County population is 36,002, with 6,977 families. Clinton, the County Seat, has a population of 2,110; Garland, 301; Parkersburg, 76; and Roseboro, 749.

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SCOTLAND COUNTY

        Formed in 1899 from Richmond, it was named for the country of Scotland. It is bounded by the Counties of Richmond. Hoke and Robeson, and by the State of South Carolina.. It is one of the smallest Counties in the State yet ranks as one of the biggest in per capita wealth. The principal crops are cotton, small grain, watermelons, cantaloupes, cucumbers, beans, English peas, sweet corn, peanuts, soy beans, sorghum, peaches, dewberries, strawberries, grapes, pecans and truck crops. This is one of the greatest cantaloupe and watermelon producing Counties east of the Mississippi. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line, Atlantic Coast Line, and Laurinburg & Southern Railways, and by 38 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 4 flour mills. 36 cotton gins, 1 National and 5 local banks. There are 193,737 acres of land valued at $2,176,652, and 1,293 town lots valued at $708,682: while the total County tax is $122,897. The County has 342 bee hives, 670 horses, 2,475 mules, 1,433 dairy cattle, 6,694 hogs and 61 sheep, having a combined value of $452,052. The County has a population of 15,600, with 3,077 families. Lauringburg, the County Seat, has a population of 2,643.

STANLY COUNTY

        Formed in 1841 from Montgomery. it was named in honor of John Stanly. It is bounded by the Counties of Rowan, Davidson, Montgomery, Anson, Union and Cabarrus. Its crops are cotton, tobacco, Irish and sweet potatoes, vegetables, apples, and other fruits. The County is served by the Winston-Salem Southbound, which connects the Norfolk & Western and the Atlantic Coast Line Railways, and by the Yadkin Railway, a branch of the Southern. The County has 45 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 11 flour mills, 20 cotton gins, 1 National and 4 local banks. There are 228,929 acres of land valued at $1,794,885, and 3,080 twon lots valued at $1,109,296; while the total County tax is $114,038. The County has 1,794 bee hives, 2,085 horses, 3,227 mules, 6,131 dairy cattle, 8,203 hogs and 166 sheep, having a combined value of $842,741. The County has a population of 27,429, with 5,298 families. Albemarle, the County Seat, 2,691; Norwood, 1,221; New London, 228, Oakboro, 300; Richfield, 177; and Badin, 3,040.

STOKES COUNTY

        Formed in 1798 from Surry, it was named for Col. John Stokes. It is bounded by the Counties of Rockingham, Forsyth and Surry, and by the State of Virginia. The crops are tobacco, corn, wheat and other grains. The County is served by the Norfolk & Western and the Southern Railways, and by 70 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 22 flour mills, 3 local banks, 276,135 acres of land valued at $2,364,349, and 677 town lots valued at $212,216; while the total County tax is $154,694. The county has 3,608 bee hives, 1,791 horses, 3,523 mules, 5,945 dairy cattle, 7,913 hogs and 101 sheep, having a combined value of $961,737. The County has a population of 27,429 with 3,887 families. Danbury, the County Seat, has a population of 410.

SURRY COUNTY

        Formed in 1770 from Rowan, it was named for Lord Surry. It is bounded by the Counties of Stokes, Yadkin, Wilkes, and Alleghany, and by the State of Virginia. The crops are tobacco, corn, wheat, rye, oats, fruits, grass and livestock. The Southern Railway serves the County. There are 71 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 National and 3 local banks, 330,407 acres of land valued at $3,787,193, and 2,539 town lots valued at $1,737,885; while the total County tax is $249,528. The County has 4,447 bee hives, 2,267 horses, 3,526 mules. 8,312 dairy cattle, 9,828 hogs and 143 sheep, having a combined value of $1,127,611. The County population is 32,464, with 6,408 families. Dobson, the County Seat, has a population of 368; Mount Airy, 4,752; Elkin, 1,195; and Pilot Mountain, 707.

SWAIN COUNTY

        Formed in 1871 from Jackson and Macon Counties, it was named for Gov. David Lowrie Swain. It is bounded by the Counties of Haywood, Jackson, Clay and Graham, and by the State of Tennessee and is drained by the Tennessee River. About three-fourths of the area is tillable. Fine natural pasturage and grazing make cattle raising a profitable industry. The summits are covered with timber, while the balsam fir here attains its greatest height and diameter. The County is served by the Southern Railway and by 66 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 5 flour mills, 2 local banks, 278,443 acres of land valued at $1,588,199; and 554 town lots valued at $384,794, while the total County tax is $124,240. The County has 1,641 bee hives, 916 horses, 498 mules, 3,196 dairy cattle, 4,641 hogs, and 715 sheep, having a combined value of $330,226. The County population is 13,224, with 2,515 families. Bryson City, the County Seat, has a population of 882.

TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY

        Formed in 1861 from Henderson and Jackson Counties, the name means "across the woods," being taken from two latin words. It is bounded by the Counties of Henderson. Haywood, and Jackson, and by the State of South Carolina. The crops of the County are small fruits, berries, grapes, corn, rye, wheat, buckwheat, oats, potatoes, sorghum, tobacco, clover, truck crops and livestock. The County is served by the Southern Railway and by 66 miles of improved roads This County is especially noted because of its beautiful trees and flowers of its health resorts. Statistics show that the County has 1 flour mill, 1 local bank, 203,516 acres of land valued at $382,984, and 637 town lots valued at $382,984; while the total County tax is $86,437. The County has 1,126 bee hives, 1,114 horses, 490 mules, 2,031 dairy cattle, 5,121 hogs and 1,936 sheep, having a combined value of $253,062. The County has a population of 9,303, with 1,905 families. Brevard, the County Seat, is a health resort for winter and summer and has a population og 1,658.

TYRRELL COUNTY

        Formed in 1729 from Albemarle and named for Sir John Tyrrell, it is bounded by the Counties of Washington, Hyde, and Dare, and by Albemarle Sound. Tyrrell produces cotton, corn, potatoes and peas, while its chief income is from the products of the forests which abound in juniper, cypress and gum. The County has valuable fisheries. The Norfolk Southern, Atlantic Coast Line Railways and 7 miles of improved roads serve the County. Statistics show that the County has 8 cotton gins, 2 local banks, 192,926 acres of land valued at $976,465, and 232 town lots valued at $117,342; while the total County tax is $32,051. The County has 737 bee hives, 582 horses, 553 mules, 1,387 dairy cattle, 9,883 hogs and 1,687 sheep, having a combined value of $158,814. The County has a population of 4,849, with 1,033 families. Columbia, the County Seat, has a population of 738.

UNION COUNTY

        Formed in 1842 from Mecklenburg and Anson, it was named for President James Monroe. It is bounded by the Counties of Mecklenburg, Cabarrus, Stanly and Anson, and by the State of South Carolina. The crops are cotton, peas, soy beans, clover, vetch, hay and fruit, while lumbering is extensive. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line Raiway, and by 47 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 9 flour mills, 46 cotton gins, 1 National and 6 local banks. There are 388,933 acres of land valued at $2,975,210, and 2,372 town lots valued at $1,714,833, while the total County tax is $93,423. The County has 2,428 bee hives, 2,849 horses, 6,449 mules, 12,570 dairy cattle, 10,049 hogs and 788 sheep, having a combined value of $651,614. The County has a population of 36,029, with 6,812 families. Monroe, the County Seat, has a population of 4,085: Marshville, 828; Waxhaw, 750; Wingate, 470; Indian Trail, 224; and Mineral Springs, 84.

VANCE COUNTY

        Formed in 1881 from Granville. Franklin and Warren, it was named for Gov. Zeb. B. Vance, the celebrated war Governor. It is bounded by the Counties of Granville, Warren, and Franklin and by the State of Virginia. The crops are cotton, tobacco, cereals, wheat, corn, millet, peas, beans, peanuts, melons, and fruits. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line and Southern Railways and by 28 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 6 flour mills, 12 cotton gins, 1 National and 3 local banks. There are 161,724 acres of land valued at $2,103,131, and 1,849 town lots valued at $1,776,206; while the total county tax is 195,497. The County has 302 bee hives, 2,835 horses, 1,218 mules, 3,567 dairy cattle, 8,115 hogs and 347 sheep, having a combined value of $699,286. The County population is 22,799, with 4,429 families. Henderson, the County Seat, has a population of 5,222. One of the largest motor truck factories in the South is here. Other towns are Kittrell, 223; Middleburg, 104; and Townsville, 206.

WAKE COUNTY

        Formed in 1770 from Johnston. Cumberland and Orange, and named for Esther Wake, it is bounded by the Counties of Johnston, Franklin, Granville, Durham and Chatham. The principal crops are cotton, tobacco, corn, wheat, grass and clover. The County is served by the Southern, Seaboard Air Line, Norfolk Southern, Durham & Southern, and Atlantic Coast Line Railways, and by 116 miles of improved road. Statistics show that the County has 3 flour mills, 106 cotton gins, 3 National and 18 local banks. There are 531,678 acres of land valued at $5,677,067 and 11,719 town lots valued at $11,038,122: while the total tax for the County is $690,942 The County has 1,927 bee hives, 3,918 horses, 6,365 mules, 10,397 dairy cattle, 22,771 hogs and 268 sheep, having a combined value of $1,972,122. The County has a population of 75,155, with 15,277 families. Raleigh, the County Seat and State Capital, has a population of 24,418. This city is the center of the political, social and educational activities of the State. A number of State and church colleges and schools are here. Other towns are Apex, population 926; Cary, 645; Garner, 376; Fuquay Springs, 355; Morrisville, 166; Holly Springs, 333; Wake Forest, 1,425; Wendell, 1,239; and Zebulon, 943.

WARREN COUNTY

        Formed from Bute in 1779, it was named for Gen Joseph Warren. It is bounded by the Counties of Vance. Northampton and Franklin and by the State of Virginia, and is drained by the Roanoke and Tar Rivers. The crops are cotton, tobacco, the cereals and fruits. There is an abundant waterpower available. The County is served by the Seaboard Air Line Railway and by 42 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 5 flour mills, 39 cotton gins, 3 local banks, 255,310 acres of land valued at $2,513,583 and 1,114 town lots valued at $875,602 while the total County tax is $162,560. The County has 853 bee hives, 3,424 horses, 2,042 mules, 5,466 dairy cattle, 11,618 hogs and 700 sheep, having a combined value of $912,511. The County has a population of 21,593, with 4,158 families. Warrenton, the County Seat, has a population of 927. Littleton has 1,010 inhabitants.

WASHINGTON COUNTY

        Formed in 1799 from Tyrrell, it was named for George Washington. It is bounded by the Counties of Tyrrell, Hyde, Craven, Martin, and Bertie, and by Albemarle Sound. The crops are corn, soy beans, and other grains, while peanuts, potatoes and tobacco and fisheries are important. The County is served by the Norfolk Southern. Atlantic Coast Line, New Holland, Higginsport & Mt. Vernon Railroads, and by 48 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 24 cotton gins, 5 local banks, 184,896 acres of land valued at $1,544,903, and 899 town lots valued at $501,569; while the total County tax is $71,089. The County has 723 bee hives, 843 horses, 1,189 mules, 337 dairy cattle, 11,226 hogs and 776 sheep, having a combined value of $269,110. The County population is 11,429; with 2,329 families. Plymouth, the County Seat, has a population of 1,847; Creswell, 393; Roper, 1,043 ; Wenona, 150; Mackeys, 196; and Cherry, 300.

WATAUGA COUNTY

        Formed in 1849 from Ashe, Caldwell, Wilkes, and Yancey, it was named for the Watagi tribe of Indians. It is bounded by the Counties of Ashe, Avery, Wilkes and Caldwell, and by the State of Tennessee. It is famous for its cabbage, Irish potatoes and cheese. It now has one factory making the famous product known as Swiss cheese; while 10 factories are turning out the famous Cheddar cheese. Its products are livestock, dairy products, fruit and lumber. The County is served by the Linville River Railroad and by 66 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 3 flour mills, 3 local banks, 207,886 acres of land valued at $1,620,606, and 451 town lots valued at $140,420, while the total County tax is $66,504. The County has 2,009 horses, 485 mules, 5,780 dairy cattle, 5,465 hogs and 10,150 sheep, having a combined value of $689,160. The County has a population of 13,477, with 2,630 families. Boone, the County Seat, has a population of 374.

WAYNE COUNTY

        Formed in 1779 from Dobbs and Craven, it was named for Gen. Anthony Wayne of the Revolutionary Army. It is bounded by the Counties of Wilson. Greene, Duplin, Johnston and Sampson, and is drained by the Neuse River. Cotton and tobacco are the money crops, while others include corn, wheat, potatoes, peas, and truck. The County is served by the Southern, Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk Southern Railways, and by 59 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 2 flour mills, 80 cotton gins, 3 National banks, and 6 local banks. There are 340,654 acres of land valued at $3,625,617, and 5,414 town lots valued at $4,026,567; while the total County tax is $383,905. The County has 1,442 bee hives, 2,286 horses, 6,403 mules, 4,168 dairy cattle, 33,622 hogs and 103 sheep, having a combined value of $1,548,709. The County has a population of 43,640, with 9,002 families. Goldsboro, the County Seat, has a population of 11,296. Fremont, 1,294 and Mount Olive, 2,297.

WILKES COUNTY

        Formed in 1777 from Surry and Burke, it was named for Hon, John Wilkes. It is bounded by the Counties of Ashe, Alleghany, Surry, Yadkin, Iredell, Aexander, Caldwell and Watauga, and is drained by the Yadkin River. The water power of the County is large and the principal products are lumber, tanbark, potatoes, fruits, small grains, tobacco, and cotton. The County is served by the Southern Railway and 113 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 15 flour mills, 3 local banks, 467,528 acres of land valued at $2,780,538, and 1,711 town lots valued at $668,155; while the total County tax is $178,840. The County has 631 bee hives, 2,828 horses, 2,666 mules, 11,111 dairy cattle, 14,474 hogs and 474 sheep, having a combined value of $1,026,140. The County has a population of 32,644, with 6,368 families. Wilkesboro, the County Seat, has a population of 814, while North Wilkesboro has 2,363.

WILSON COUNTY

        Formed in 1855 from Edgecombe, Nash, Johnston and Wayne, it was named for Hon. Lewis B. Wilson. It is bounded by the Counties of Nash, Edgecombe, Pitt, Greene, Wayne and Johnston. The County produces each year 26,000 bales of cotton, 16,000,000 pounds of tobacco and nearly 1,000,000 bushels of corn and other cereals. Wilson is the center of the North Carolina bright tobacco belt. The County is served by the Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk Southern Railways, and 65 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 9 flour mills, 25 cotton gins, 1 National and 10 local banks. There are 223,631 acres of land valued at $2,858,961, and 3,845 town lots valued at $3,109,243; while the total County tax is $313,621. The County has 631 bee hives, 1,765 horses, 5,375 mules, 1,930 dairy cattle, 23,066 hogs and 182 sheep; having a combined value of $1,112,333. The County population is 36,813, with 7,605 families. Wilson, the County Seat, has a population of 10,612; Elm City, 725; Stantonsburg, 4,24; Lucama, 316; and Black Creek, 274.

YADKIN COUNTY

        Formed in 1850 from Surry, it was named for the Yadkin River. It is bounded by the Counties of Surry, Forsyth, Davie, Iredell and Wilkes, and is drained by tributaries of the Yadkin River. It is entirely an agricultural country, producing tobacco, wheat, corn and frruits. The County is served by 65 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 16 flour mills, 1 cotton gin, 3 local banks, 211,997 acres of land valued at $1,999,500, and 761 town lots valued at $218,745; while the total County tax is $91,116. The County has 2,000 horses, 2,410 mules, 5,436 dairy cattle, 6,500 hogs and 125 sheep, having a combined value of $789,294. The County has a population of 16,391, with 3,296 families. Yadkinville, the County Seat, has a population of 445; East Bend, 508; Booneville, 162; and Jonesville, 187.

YANCEY COUNTY

        Formed in 1883 from Burke and Buncombe, it was named for Hon. Bartlett Yancey. It is bounded by the Counties of Mitchell, McDowell, Buncombe, and Madison, and by the State of Tennessee. There are 18 peaks in this County that rise more than 6,000 feet. Mt. Mitchell, 6,711 feet, is the highest point in the United States east of the Rockies. The County produces all the grains, grasses and fruits, the apples being of noted excellence. Large numbers of sheep and cattle are raised and shipped from this County. The minerals found here include magnetic iron, copper, chromic iron, kaolin, asbestos, corundum and mica. One of the most prolific veins of the latter in the United States is being worked near Burnsville. The tobacco produced here is of unusual quality. The County is served by a branch of the Carolina, Clinch-field & Ohio Railway and 45 miles of improved roads. Statistics show that the County has 8 flour mills, 1 cheese factory, 2 local banks, 174,935 acres of land valued at $1,142,880, and 237 town lots valued at $83,079; while the total County tax is $55,040. The County has 1,623 horses, 1,284 mules, 4,448 dairy cattle, 5,976 hogs, 3,310 sheep, and 1,930 bee hives, having a combined value of $541,983. The County has a population of 15,003, with 2,984 families. Burnsville, the County Seat, has a population of 215.

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Page 146

A Few of the North Carolina Leaders

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Page 147

NORTH CAROLINA -- THE LEADER

NORTH CAROLINA LEADS THE WORLD

• 1. North Carolina leads the world in the manufacture of tobacco.
• 2. North Carolina has the greatest felspar and kaolin mines in the world.
• 3. The largest tobacco manufacturing plant in the world is at Winston-Salem.
• 4. The largest towel mills in the world are at Kannapolis--Cannon Manufacturing Company.
• 5. The largest hosiery mills in the world are at Durham--Durham Hosiery Mills.
• 6. The largest blanket manufacturers in the world are at Winston-Salem.
• 7. The largest tannic acid manufacturing plant in the world is at Canton.
• 8. The largest granite quarries in the world are at Mount Airy.
• 9. The largest crude drug depository in the world is at Statesville.
• 10. Wilson is the largest bright-leaf tobacco market in the world.
• 11. The finest and most unique tourist hotel in the world is at Asheville--Grove Park Inn.
• 12. The largest manufacturers of small bags in the world are at Durham--Golden Belt Manufacturing Company.
• 13. Thomasville is the largest chair manufacturing city in the world.
• 14. The largest chair in the world is at Thomasville--thirteen feet high.
• 15. Hickory is the sash cord manufacturing center of the world.
• 16. Kannapolis is the largest unincorporated city in the world--population 7000.
• 17. The largest artillery range in the world is at Fort Bragg.
• 18. Pitt County leads the world in the production of bright-leaf tobacco.
• 19. The largest single-unit tire fabric factory in the world is at Gastonia.
• 20. Pinehurst is the largest golf center in the world.
• 21. The home of the largest negro life insurance company in the world is at Durham. N. C.--Mutual Life Insurance Company.
• 22. The gathering of galax leaves at Lowgap. N. C., is the largest industry of its kind in the world.
• 23. Calypso is the largest cucumber market in the world.
• 24. The Norfolk Southern Railway Bridge over Albemarle Sound is the longest railway bridge over fresh navigable water in the world--5.9 miles.
• 25. Magnolia. N. C., is the largest shipping point in the world for tube roses and magnolia bulbs.
• 26. Wilson is the heart of the greatest cotton producing area per acre in the world.
• 27. The only clubhouse in the world erected and used by Rotarians is at Greenville.
• 28. More leguminous plants thrive in Edgecombe County than anywhere else in the world.
• 29. Lenoir County's per capita investment in paved roads is the largest in the world.
• 30. High Point has the largest building in the world used exclusively for the exposition of furniture.
• 31. The second largest hydro-electric development in the world is in Piedmont North Carolina
• 32. North Carolina is the most prolific State in the Union and is exceeded in all the world by Holland only.
• 33. Gaston is the third cotton spinning county in the world outside Great Britain.
• 34. A specimen of iron ore from Wilkes County, assaying 68 per cent pure magnetic iron, took the premium at the St. Louis World's Fair and at the Chicago and Paris Expositions.
• 35. Over 72 per cent of the world's damask is made at Roanoke Rapids.

NORTH CAROLINA LEADS AMERICA

• 36. The largest aluminum plant in America is at Badin--daily capacity. 98,000 lbs.
• 37. The largest underwear mills in America are at Winston-Salem--9,000,000 garments a year--Hanes Knitting Company.
• 38. The largest mica product manufacturing plant in America is at Asheville.
• 39. Biltmore Estate, near Asheville, is the most sumptuous country home in America.
• 40. Chapel Hill is the home of America's greatest amateur dramatic folk-lore organization--the Carolina Playmakers.
• 41. The finest natural harbor on the entire American coast is the Cape Lookout "Harbor of Refuge' near Beaufort.
• 42. Route "A." the longest scenic highway in America crosses North Carolina.
• 43. One of the five largest white quilt mills in America is at Asheville.

NORTH CAROLINA LEADS THE UNITED STATES

• 44. The largest denim mills in the United States are at Greensboro.
• 45. The largest damask mills in the United States are at Roanoke Rapids.
• 46. The largest and highest overflow concrete dam in the United States is at Badin--210 feet. It is higher than Niagara Falls.
• 47. The largest hydro-electric power development in the United States is in the Piedmont Section of North Carolina.
• 48. The home of the largest hydro-electric power company in the United State is at Charlotte--Southern Power Company.
• 49. The Largest pulp mill in the United States is at Canton--Champion Fibre Company.
• 50. North Carolina manufactures more cigarettes than any other State in the Union.
• 51. North Carolina produces more soy beans than all the other States combined.
• 52. North Carolina leads all States in the number and variety of drug plants grown--715 varieties.
• 53. The largest centrifugal pumps in the United States are at New Holland. N. C.
• 54. The tale mined in North Carolina commands the highest price per ton of any mined in the United States.
• 55. North Carolina ranks first in the United States in the quantity and value of millstones produced.
• 56. North Carolina has a greater variety of precious stones than any other State. The Hiddenite gem is found here only.
• 57. North Carolina has a greater variety of soft and hard woods than any other State.
• 58. North Carolina leads all the States in the value of wood and timber produced from forests--$32,735,000 annually.
• 59. North Carolina leads all the States, even the principal agricultural States of Illinois, Texas. Iowa and Kansas, in the per acre value of crops.
• 60. North Carolina leads the Union in the number of debt-free homes.
• 61. North Carolina has the largest per cent of children in grammar schools of any State.
• 62. North Carolina has the highest birth rate of any State in the United States--30 per 1000 population.
• 63. The largest apple tree in the United States is in Wilkes County--16 feet in circumference.
• 64. North Carolina has grown more corn to the acre than any State in the Union.
• 65. The only farm in the United States having two Gold Medal cows is in Catawba County, N. C.
• 66. The University of North Carolina is the oldest in the United States in point of actual service--Founded in 1784.
• 67. The largest Episcopal school for girls in the United States is at Raleigh.
• 68. North Carolina has more cotton mills than any other State--513.
• 69. North Carolina has the largest per cent of Anglo Saxon blood of any State, with one-eighth of one per cent of foreign born. Ninety-nine per cent American.
• 70. North Carolina's famous industrial triangle, composed of Greensboro. High Point and Winston-Salem, produced over worth of goods in 1922--more than any city or similar area in the United States.
• 71. Wilson, Johnston and Pitt Counties riased more produce per acre in 1922 than any like area in the United States.
• 72. Elizabeth City leads the United States in the manufacture of soy bean harvesters.
• 73. Elizabeth City is the center of the finest wild duck and goose shooting in the U. S.
• 74. High Point has more factories than any city its size in the United States--22,279 population with over 116 factories.
• 75. North Carolina ranks second in the United States in cotton manufacture.
• 76. Only Wyoming exceeds North Carolina in the percentage of value added by manufacture.
• 77. North Carolina leads all other States, except Kentucky, as a tobacco-growing State.
• 78. North Carolina ranked second among the States in the amount of Revenue payments collected by the State in 1922.
• 79. Of the four States showing an increase in revenue paid the United States in 1923. North Carolina was second with 13 per cent increase.
• 80. High Point is the second largest furniture manufacturing city in the United States.
• 81. Lenoir ranks second in the United States in the manufacture of chairs.
• 82. North Carolina ranks third in the production of the raw materials used in the manufacture of dyes and extracts.
• 83. North Carolina is the third fish producing State in the Union.
• 84. North Carolina ranks third in the production of soybeans in the Union.
• 85. North Carolina ranks third in the production of peanuts in the Union.
• 86. North Carolina ranks third in the production of sweet potatoes in the Union.
• 87. North Carolina ranks third in the Union in the mileage of hard surfaced highways.
• 88. Winston-Salem ranks third in the United States in the manufacture of furniture.
• 89. North Carolina ranks fourth in the Union in the twenty-two leading crops.
• 90. North Carolina ranks fourth in the production of tanbark wood.
• 91. North Carolina ranks fifth in the United States in the total value of all crops.
• 92. North Carolina ranks fifth in Federal income tax payments.
• 93. North Carolina ranks seventh in the production of lumber--$50,000,000 yearly.
• 94. Winston-Salem is the seventh Port of Entry in the United States--yet it is not on the coast.
• 95. North Carolina ranks eighth in the manufacture of veneers.
• 96. North Carolina ranks fifteenth in the United States in total value of manufactured products.
• 97. Robeson County ranks seventeenth among the fifty leading counties of the United States in the value of crops.
• 98. Pitt County ranks thirty-fifth among the leading counties in the United States in the total value of crops.
• 99. One North Carolina city--Winston-Salem--ranks thirty-seventh in the United States in the total value of factory products, with 200,484,834--which is more than New Orleans. Los Angeles. Atlanta or Fall River.
• 100. Johnston is one of the fifty richest agricultural counties in the United States.
• 101. North Carolina is one of the leading fruit producing States.
• 102. North Carolina is a leading melon and produce State.
• 103. North Carolina factories use one-fourth of all the tobacco grown in the U. S.
• 104. North Carolina pays one-fourth of all the tobacco taxes in the United States--more than any other State.
• 105. Over eighty per cent of the crude drugs in the United States are made in N. C.
• 106. North Carolina mines over 75 per cent of the mica manufactured in the U. S.
• 107. North Carolina has three of the six Gold Medal pure-bred Jersey Cows in the U. S.
• 108. Three of the thirteen champion Jersey cows in the United States are in Catawba County, N. C.

NORTH CAROLINA LEADS THE EAST

• 109. The tallest peak east of the Mississippi River is near Asheville--Mt. Mitchell. 6,711 feet high.
• 110. The highest office building east of the Rockies is in Asheville--height above sea level. 2,450 feet.
• 111. Western North Carolina has the largest supplies of lumber for the eastern half of the United States.
• 112. The largest bank and trust company south of Baltimore and east of the Mississippi is in North Carolina--Wachovia Bank and Trust Company.
• 113. New York is the only State in the east producing more kilowat hours electric energy daily than North Carolina.
• 114. Scotland is one of the foremost cantaloupe and watermelon producing counties east of the Mississippi.
• 115. North Carolina has over ten per cent of the potential water power east of the Mississippi. It is only one-third developed.
• 116. There are sixty-four peaks in the Western North Carolina Mountains over 6,000 feet high.
• 117. The most efficient anti-malarial system in the United States is in North Carolina.

NORTH CAROLINA LEADS THE SOUTH

• 118. High Point is the largest furniture manufacturing city in the South.
• 119. North Carolina leads the South in the textile industry in all details--number of mills, number spindles and looms, number of operatives, variety and value of goods and in amount of capital employed.
• 120. North Carolina has more mills that finish and dye their own products than any other Southern State.
• 121. Gaston Couonty leads the south in the total number of cotton mills--101.
• 122. Gastonia is the combed yarn center of the South.
• 123. The only plant in the South making card clothing is at Charlotte.
• 124. North Carolina leads the South in the furniture industry in the number of factories and workers, capital employed and value and variety of product.
• 125. The largest furniture factory in the South is at Asheville.
• 126. The largest manufacturer of dining and living room furniture in the South is at High Point.
• 127. North Carolina leads the South in the amount of capital employed in all kinds of manufacturing.
• 128. North Carolina leads the South in the number of factory establishments--over 7,000.
• 129. North Carolina leads the south in the number of wage earners with 157,000.
• 130. North Carolina leads the south in the value added to the raw product by the process of manufacture.
• 131. North Carolina led the South in 1923 in the payment of revenue.
• 132. Asheville is the home of the largest retail lumber concern in the South.
• 133. The largest creamery in the South is at Hickory--Catawba Creamery.
• 134. The largest manufacturer of knit goods in the South is at Winston-Salem.
• 135. The largest manufacture of woolen goods in the South is at Winston-Salem.
• 136. The largest wagon manufacturing plant in the South is at Winston-Salem.
• 137. The largest motor truck factory in the South is at Henderson.
• 138. The largest re-icing station for frruits and vegetables in the South is at Hamlet.
• 139. The largest plant in the South for the instalation of automatic sprinkler systems is at Charlotte--the Grinnell Company.
• 140. The largest tannery in the South is at Morganton--Burke Tannery.
• 141. The only rug factory in the South is at Leaksville-Spray--the famous Axminister rug of Marshall Field Company is made here.
• 142. The largest freight terminals and transfer sheds in the South are at the Spencer yards of the Southern Railway.
• 143. The largest export house in the South is at Wilmington.
• 144. The largest producers of fish scrap and fish oil in the South are at Wilmington--Fisheries Products Company.
• 145. The largest tire manufacturing plant in the South is at Charlotte.
• 146. The largest tire and inner tube factory in the South is at Winston-Salem.
• 147. The home office of the South's largest chain of department stores is at Charlotte.
• 148. The largest showcase factory in the South is at Charlotte--Wade Manufacturing Company.
• 149. The finest dance hall floor at any resort on the South Atlantic coast is at Wrightsville Beach, near Wilmington--Lumina Pavilion.
• 150. The largest gold nugget ever found in the South was found in North Carolina.
• 151. The first co-operative sweet potato growers association in the South was formed in Catawba County--still active.
• 152. One of the three wheelbarrow manufacturing plants in the South is at Asheboro.
• 153. One of the largest shale brick plants in the South is at Norwood.
• 154. One of the two asbestos manufacturing plants in the South is at Charlotte.
• 155. The second longest highway bridge and viaduct in the South is at Williamston--3.9 miles long.
• 156. North Carolina ranks second in the South in the value of manufactured products. Texas ranks first.
• 157. North Carolina ranks fifth in cotton production in the South, and leads in the average value per acre of cotton products.
• 158. Robeson County ranks second among the counties of the South in crop value.
• 159. The lotus plant, native of the Nile Valley in Egypt, is found in Eastern Carolina one of the few spots in the world where it is found.
• 160. Wilbur and Orville Wright flew their first airplane at Nags Head, N. C., in 1903.
• 161. Three United States Presidents were born in North Carolina--Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and Andrew Johnson.
• 162. Washington, N. C., was the first town in the United States named in honor of George Washington--December, 1776. It was also the first post office named for him 1789.
• 163. Fayetteville, N. C., was the first town in the United States named for the Marquis de LaFayette.
• 164. All cloth used in the manufacture of B.V.D. underwear is made at Lexington. N. C., at the Erlanger Mills.
• 165. North Carolina built a schoolhouse a day for 18 years a total of 6,805. She reduced the log cabin schoolhouses from 1190 to 94.
• 166. North Carolina's wealth increased 175 per cent between 1900 and 1920.
• 167. North Carolina's good roads would extend from the North Pole to the Equator.
• 168. North Carolina is building two miles of hard-surfaced roads and three miles of other dependable roads every day in the year.
• 169. Western North Carolina is the religious center of the South.
• 170. Western North Carolina is world-famed as a tourist and health resort--Unequaled climate, pure water, the beauty and grandeur of hundreds of mountain peaks help make this section one of the premier playgrounds of the United States.

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Page 148

Pertinent Paragraphs About North Carolina

        THERE are so many special things in North Carolina that are unique or of such magnitude as to deserve special mention that it is impossible to treat them under any general sketch of the State. So, while a sketch of the resources of North Carolina is given on pages 6 and 7, a number of these special items have been withdrawn from that article and are presented herewith under the heading--"Pertinent Paragraphs."

        North Carolina is the birthplace of the airplane. On December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright flew their first machine from one sand dune to another on Kill Devil Hill, off Roanoke Island on the Eastern North Carolina shore.

        One of the unique industries of the State and the largest of its kind in the world, is the gathering of Galax leaves in the mountain counties. These are shipped from Lowgap, N. C., to florists all over the civilized world for use in decorations.

        Another notable industry is the making of pottery at Jugtown, N. C. This pottery, made by the plain folk of an isolated hamlet of the State, is very artistic and at the same time quaint, and has attracted much attention in New York. Rare old specimens of it are now found in leading museums from New York to California.

        Yaupon, which grows on the sandy wastes of North Carolina, was a very popular substitute for tea during the Civil War and even now holds great possibilities as a beverage for soda fountains.

        The United States Geological Survey has recently announced that in the center of this State there is a large deposit of coal capable of yielding 68,000,000 tons of coal. The deposit is near Deep River and can be profitably mined to a depth of 2000 feet. Mining operations are now in progress.

        North Carolina leads all other States in the number and variety of its drug plants. There are here over 715 species representing 128 drug plant families. All these contain medicinal properties. At Statesville is located the largest crude drug depository in the world.

        One of the most unique organizations in North Carolina is that of "The Carolina Playmakers." This group of players represents the most interesting and most significant artistic effort in this State and has achieved fame throughout the United States because of its splendid dramatization of original folklore plays of North Carolina life. This organization, built up by Prof. Frederick Koch, at the University of North Carolina, is composed of University students who, although amateurs, write and produce these folk-lore tragedies and comedies. These students learn to write the play, act, cast the characters, present and criticize plays, make up, design, model, construct and paint stage properties, light the stage, design the costumes and all the necessary arts to properly stage the production. The eighth successful tour of "The Carolina Playmakers" has just been completed and the players drew packed houses at every performance. One New York critic has said that the plays produced by this organization were the equal of any of the famous Irish Folk Stories.

        The population of North Carolina is 27 per cent negro and 73 per cent white, while it has the largest percentage of Anglo-Saxon blood of any State in the Union and has less than 1-8 of one per cent of foreign born population. It is 99 per cent American.

        The white population is honest, industrious, wide-awake and ambitious. North Carolina is the most prolific State in the Union, and is exceeded only by Holland in all the world. The children still receive careful home training with the result that the family reigns supreme as the social unit of the State.

        There are absolutely no lynchings in this State because a sound basis of relationship exists between the negro and the white man. The negroes are aided in owning lands and homes and are provided with excellent schools and colleges and institutions to care for the feeble-minded. As a rule the negroes have the same advantages as their white neighbors.

        Progress in education has been phenomenal. Twenty years ago only South Carolina was more backward in education, but today North Carolina has a higher per cent of children enrolled in grammar schools than any other State in the Union. For a period of 18 consecutive years North Carolina has built one schoolhouse a day, many of them of brick construction. In 1900 school property was valued at about $1,000,000. In 1922 it was $35,000,000. The expenditure in 1900 for new buildings was $41,000. In 1922 it was over $6,000,000. In 1922 the average salary for white teachers was $102, the average length of school term was 141 days. In 1923 there were 475 high schools in the State and 4800 public rural libraries.

        Three United States presidents were born in North Carolina, though living elsewhere when elected. These were: Andrew Jackson, Union County; James K. Polk, Mecklenburg County; and Andrew Johnson, Wake County.

        The Ford Motor Company is now building its largest Southern automobile assembling plant at Charlotte. This is just one of the many branch offices and plants located in the State by large distributors.

        Western North Carolina, Inc., has recently been organized to promote the development of that section and will spend $50,000 a year for five years in advertising this section. Headquarters are at Asheville. The Eastern Carolina Chamber of Commerce with offices at Kinston, is promoting the interests of the Coastal Plain section, while plans are in the making for a State Chamber of Commerce or a State Department of Commerce to promote and advertise the entire State.

        North Carolina is looking forward with great pleasure to the Southern Exposition to be staged in New York City in the early part of 1925. Her advantages will be amply displayed at this exposition.

        The Made-In-Carolinas Exposition, held in Charlotte every year, has been a great factor in acquainting the citizens of the two Carolinas with the products made at home, with the result that a larger per cent of the home-made products is being sold at home every year.

        A syndicate has recently been formed to open oil wells in Eastern North Carolina. Recent tests by geologists and oil experts have convinced them that there are good possibilities of finding oil and minerals in paying quantities in Beaufort County, and this syndicate of North Carolinians is determined to find out at once.

        One of the greatest developments of recent years is now under way at Chimney Rock, near Asheville, where the Rocky Broad River is being dammed up to form Lake Lure covering 1500 acres. This development will include the lake, large, up-to-date tourist hotels, camps, golf links, bathing beaches, pavilions, bridle paths, fish hatchery, all forms of outdoor sports, and leave 4500 acres for sub-division for private homes and estates. The hydro-electric plant will generate over 5,500,000 kilowatt hours annually.

        Another development similar in nature is under way in the Piedmont Section at Hanging Rock, near Winston-Salem. This is one of the most rugged and picturesque sections in the State and will become a leading resort. A lake will be built on this mountain, surrounded by homes, hotels, resorts and the usual resort features. The Summer Assembly Grounds of the Methodist Protestant Church will be here.

        One of the finest scenic motor roads in the East is that up Mount Mitchell. This well-graded road winds from the town of Black Mountain almost to the top of Mount Mitchell, the tallest peak in Eastern America. This peak is 6,711 feet high and is surrounded by 44 peaks over 6000 feet high, while fifteen mountain ranges are visible from the Observation Tower. Few sections have scenery more beautiful than that around Mount Mitchell.

        Plans are now under way to convert historic old Fort Macon into one of the State's great playgrounds. Old Fort Macon is located on Bogue Sound opposite Beaufort, Morehead City and the Atlantic Ocean, and the plans call for the purchase of 410 acres of land with it to be converted into a great Eastern playground rivaling Mt. Mitchell in Western Carolina.

        Two undeveloped scenic sections that offer unlimited possibilities are the Linville Gorge near Morganton, and the Uwharrie Mountains near Albemarle. Plans are already under way for making a great National Park out of the Linville Valley, which is one of the most beautiful canyons of the whole country. From Morrow Mountain in the Uwharries is one of the most picturesque scenes to be found anywhere in the State. The proximity of Badin Lake and the Yadkin River add great value to the section as a future resort.

        Two new developments in the power line are the High Rock development of the Tallassee Power Company just above Badin on the Yadkin River where a huge reservoir is to be built as a reserve water supply for the power plant at Badin, while the other is the Rhodhiss development of the Southern Power Company, near Rhodhiss, where a new power plant is being installed.

        A great opportunity lies in the development of various chemical industries in the State. Hundreds of plants in various lines use chemicals or employ chemical methods and offer a splendid market for large quantities of chemicals that can be made within the State. Realizing these opportunities, the three leading chemical companies of the United States maintain branches in North Carolina with a full corps of chemists in each.

        No Southern State has developed textile industry as rapidly as has North Carolina. The industry in this State is marked by the great variety of its products. One of the largest additions is the mammoth finishing plant being erected near Asheville by the Sayles Finishing Plants, Inc.

        The progress and prosperity of North Carolina is not of the "boom" type at all, but has been a process of steady and constructive development of natural resources carefully guided by North Carolina business men who learned the game by actually playing it. North Carolina's principal factors of prosperity are good roads, better educated people, excellent rail transportation facilities, development of hydro-electric power, and the unlimited industrial and agricultural resources which will last as long as conservative development is carried out. North Carolina's prosperity is here to stay.

        Back of all this prosperity is the water power dam. North and South Carolina have far outstripped all the other states in the southeastern group in this type of development, with a total of 911,400 horsepower. The greatest hydro-electric company in the Country is the Southern Power Company of Charlotte, which furnishes over 300 mills of this section with current.

        For years there has been seen real need of a great State Port and a railway connecting this port with the great Central West, but only within the past year have efforts to this end become so concentrated and determined that at present the whole State is awaking to the need of this great development. Upon the outcome of these efforts towards a State-owned railroad and port terminals depends in large measure the ultimate reduction of freight rates which is sought by manufacturers, merchants and farmers alike.

        One of the widest fields is the canning industry, for in no other locality do vegetables reach the stage of perfection that they do here, while few States produce vegetables and fruits having the superb flavor found in those raised in North Carolina.

        Immense deposits of granite exist in North Carolina and are gaining popularity daily because of their quality and adaptability for building and ornamental work.

        In reviewing the remarkable developments of the State, a few factors of importance may be noted. The first of these is the unusual balance of social and economic interests. There is no aristocratic class but an equality of all interests that makes for perfect harmony between the farmer and the industrialist. Another factor is that there are no large outstanding cities domineering over smaller ones, but there are some sixty cities of over 2500 population, while the largest does not have as many as 75,000. The uniformity of social thinking and the homogeneity of population has resulted in a minimum of dissatisfaction among laborers. The close contact of capital and labor has made for a minimum of labor disturbances.

        Perhaps the greatest fact that may be mentioned in regard to North Carolina's past progress is that development in all lines is as yet in its infancy. The natural resources are as yet barely touched, raw materials are available on every hand, while thousands of the State's richest acres are not yet opened to cultivation. Opportunity abounds on every hand in every line of endeavor, awaiting the development that will bring untold wealth. The North Carolinian himself has been the greatest factor in the State's development and is daily reaping new returns from his boundless energy and his far-sighted policies. Yet, with all this activity on the part of the home people, there is still room for the newcomer who is willing to fall in line with present policies and strive hand in hand with these sturdy Americans for the fulfillment of their dream of a still greater prosperity in North Carolina, "The Land of Opportunity."

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2913 U.s Hwy No.70 Rt.1 Black Mountain Nc 28711

Source: https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/drummond/drummond.html

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